LESSON 6: MENDELIAN AND MODERN GENETICS

Genes

Units of heredity composed of DNA molecules that are transferred from parents to offspring.

Genetics

Scientific study of genes and how they affect hereditary.

Gregor Johann Mendel

father of genetics

Gregor Johann Mendel

he discovered the basic principles of heredity through his experiments on garden pea plants

Allele

One or two or more alternatives forms of a gene.

Dominant Trait

Trait that is expressed

F1 Generation

"First filial" or first generation of offspring

Gamete

Reproductive or sex cell

Genotype

Genetic composition if an individual

Heterozygous

Organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait (Tt-hybrid of certain trait)

Homozygous

Organisms that have two identical alleles for the particular trait (TT- homozygous dominant) and (tt -homozygous recessive)

Phenotype

Observable characteristic of an individual

Punnett Square

Diagram used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breading experiment

Recessive Trait

Trait that is masked in the presence of a dominant trait

Monohybrid Cross

It is a genetic cross that studies the inheritance of one trait controlled by a single gene.