AIDS

Immunodeficiencies

Failure of the immune or inflammatory response to function normally, resulting in increased susceptibility to infections.

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Caused by a genetic defect.

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Caused by another condition.

Opportunistic Infections

Infections caused by non-pathogenic microorganisms that become pathogenic in an immune deficient human. These infections are recurrent and clinically atypical.

Primary Immune Deficiencies

Rare immune deficiencies that are congenital and caused by genetic defects.

Secondary Immune Deficiencies

Common immune deficiencies that are acquired and caused by various factors such as infancy, pregnancy, aging, psychological stress, physical trauma, dietary insufficiencies, chronic diseases, metabolic diseases, cancer, medical treatments, and infections like HIV/AIDS.

HIV/AIDS

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) caused by the virus. It affects the immune system and leads to opportunistic infections and other complications.

gp41, p17, gp120, p24

Proteins found in the structure of HIV-1.

HIV Replication

The process by which the HIV virus replicates once it enters the human body.

Immune Response

The body's defense mechanism against pathogens, involving various cells and molecules such as T helper cells, B cells, antibodies, and lymphoid organs.

Pathogenesis of HIV

The process by which HIV infects and affects immune cells, leading to the destruction of the immune system.

Clinical Progression from HIV infection to AIDS

The stages and timeline of the progression of HIV infection to the development of AIDS, including acute HIV syndrome, wide dissemination of the virus, opportunistic diseases, clinical latency, and constitutional symptoms.

Antibody Progression from HIV infection to AIDS

The production of specific antibodies against HIV, the presence of viral particles in plasma, and the role of cytotoxic T cells in the progression of HIV infection to AIDS.

Clinical Manifestations of AIDS

The various clinical manifestations of AIDS, including opportunistic infections caused by protozoa, fungi, bacteria, and viruses, as well as the development of certain cancers like Kaposi sarcoma, brain lymphoma, and cervical cancer.

AIDS Case Study

A case study of a 32-year-old woman with symptoms and medical history suggestive of HIV/AIDS.

Physical Examination Findings

Positive findings from the physical examination of the patient, including fever, pharyngeal exudate, cervical and inguinal adenopathy, lung abnormalities, and vaginal discharge.

Diagnostic Tests Findings

Important findings from diagnostic tests conducted on the patient, including positive HIV ELISA and Western blot tests, abnormal white blood cell count, chest X-ray findings, sputum culture results, and positive tests for yeast and inflammation in oral and vaginal smears.