14 - Hormones of adrenal cortex – glucocorticoids. Physiological effects and control of secretion. Pharmacologic effects of glucocorticoids (GCC)

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5 Terms

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hormones of adrenal cortex

what do they hromones do

regulation of synthesis of hromones

pharmacological effects

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hormones of adrenal cortex

  • Cortex (secretes Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids and androgens) Glucocorticoids are steroids of the suprarenal cortex

    1. Cortisol

    2. Cortisone

    3. Corticosterone

    They are a major stress hormone

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what do they hromones do

  1. Increase rate of protein catabolisim and amino acids are transported to the liver to be synthesized into new proteins.

  2. Stimulate the(lipolysis)

  3. Help provide resistance to stress.

  4. Glucocorticoids are anti-inflammatory compounds, inhibit release of chemicals that cause inflammation

  5. Stimulate gluconeogenesis- production of glucose for energy

  6. Stimulates erythropoietin hormone—RBC production

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regulation of cortisol (glycocortisoid) hormone sythesis

  • The synthesis of glucocorticosteroids is stimulated by CRH from the hypothalamus and ACTH from adenohypophysis.

  • CRH secretion is stimulated by neurons in the CNS. When the CRH reaches the adenohyophysis – the synthesis and secretion of ACTH is stimulated

  • ACTH binds to receptors on the adrenocortical cells of the adrenal cortex where it enhances the expression of cortisol

  • Cortisol inhibits its own synthesis and secretion by negative feedback regulation of hypothalamus

  • Cortisol also has a circadian rhythm which is usually found to be high in the morning but low in evenings

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pharmacological effects

  • Maturation of organs

  • Prenatal effects on maturation of lungs

  • Development of suprarenal medulla, immune system (thrombocytes differentiation) and Erythropoiesis

  • Stress hormone

Can be given orally if person has:

  • Needs Physiological replacement of glucocorticoids

  • Therapeutic immunosuppression by lowering activity of lymphocytes

  • Treatment of asthma

  • Anti-inflammatory effects by synthesis of lipocortin-1 that blocks various leucocyte depending inflammatory events. It inhibits immune response and prostaglandins and leukotriens