properties of polymers

Acronyms

thermoplastics - PPP PHN ALPH

thermosetting polymers - PEMU

elastomers - NN BST

biodegradable polymers 

bio polymers - CPPB PLG

https://quizlet.com/gb/699822939/a-level-product-design-polymers-flash-cards/

thermoplastics

PPP PHN ALPH

thermosetting polymers

PEMU

• heat resistant

elastomers

NN BST

• able to be stretched and then return to og shape

• self finishing

• pignemts can be added during manufacturing process

• improves grip

• non toxic

biodegradable polymers 

bio polymers - CPPB PLG

Production and extraction

• Fractional distillation of crude oil produces hydrocarbons

• One of the factions produced is called naphtha, and is the main once used for the production of polymers

Hydrocarbon chains:

• Cracking breaks large hydrocarbons into smaller and more useful forms

• Small → low bp, very volatile, flows easily and ignites easily

• Large → high bp, not volatile, doesn’t flow or ignite easily

Stock forms for polymers

Sheet

Film

Granules

Rod

Foam

Powder

Polypropylene (PP)

• thermoplastic

• good chemical & fatigue resistance, tough, lightweight

• resistant too many chemicals but does degrade under UV

• used in food packaging, folders and rope

• safe working temp 100c

• melting point 130c

Polymethyl Methacorylate (Acrylic) (PMMA)

• thermoplastic

• can be transparent

• stiff, strong but does scratch easily

• all common moulding techniques can be used

• often used for a replacement of glass

• safe working temp 95c

• melting point 160c

Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride (uPVC)

• thermoplastic

• light weight, hard, opaque

• has good chemical, fire and weather resistance

• used for windows, guttering and pipes

• safe working temp 95c

• melting point 100c

Flexible Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

• thermoplastic

• flexible, available as translucent

• has good chemical and weather resistance

• can be foamed which adds volume without weight

• used for hosepipes and cable insulation

• safe working temp 95c

• melting point 100c

High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS)

• thermoplastic

• hard, rigid with low shrinkage

• easy to mould and press

• used for food packaging, preproduction prototypes and childrens toys

• safe working temp 70c

• melting point 217c

Nylon (Polyamide)

• thermoplastic

• hard. tough, flexible, high impact resistance

• temperature resistant and low friction

• used for bearings, gears and cable ties

• safe working temp 150c

• melting point 258c

Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)

• thermoplastic

• strong, light, shatter-resistant, transparent

• used for fibres in clothing, food/drink containers

• melting point 260c

Acrylonitile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)

• thermoplastic

• impact resistant, tough, strong, chemical resistant

• great for injection moulding.

• used in lego, helmets, suitcases, fidget spinners

• safe working temp 80c

• melting point 220c

Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)

• thermoplastic

• ductile, soft, waxy, tough

• chemical resistance, absorbs very little water but allows gasses to permeate

• used for squeezy bottles, plastic films, plastic bags

• safe working temp 65c

• melting point 105c

High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

• thermoplastic

• tough, waxy, excellent chemical resistance, absorbs very little water but allows gasses to permeate

• used for plastic bottles and buckets

• safe working temp 65c

• melting point 120c

Polyester Resin

• thermosetting polymer

• very brittle, rigid, good chemical and electrical resistance

• can be used to make GRP or CFRP

• used to make chair sets

• safe working temp 95c

Epoxy Resin

• thermosetting polymer

• chemical resistant, rigid, clear, tough

• used as a finish for metals but can also be used as a two-part adhesive

• safe working temp 150c

Melamine Formaldehyde (MF)

• thermosetting polymer

• hard, opaque, tough, food safe and chemical resistant

• used for buttons and laminates

• safe working temp 130c

Urea Formaldehyde (UF)

• thermosetting polymer

• hard, brittle, good insulator, heat resistnat

• used as wood glue for plywood or chip board as well as toilet seats and plug sockets

• safe working temp 80c

Natural Rubber

• elastomers

• smth

• safe working temp

Neoprene

• elastomers

• smth

• safe working temp

Butadine Rubber

• elastomers

• smth

• safe working temp

Silicone

• elastomers

• smth

• safe working temp

Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE)

• elastomers

• smth

• safe working temp

Oxydegradable Polymer

• biodegradable polymers 

• smth

Photodegradable Polymer

• biodegradable polymers 

• smth

Hydrodegradable Polymer

• biodegradable polymers 

• smth

Cornstarch Polymer

• bio polymers

• smth

• safe working temp

Potatopak

• bio polymers

• smth

Polyhydroxyalkanodte

• bio polymers

• smth

Biopol

• bio polymers

• smth

Palylactide Acid (PLA)

• bio polymers

• smth

Lactide

• bio polymers

• smth

Glycolide

• bio polymers

• smth