Paper 2 Functionalism 2024

Functionalism

A sociological perspective that views society as a system of interrelated parts that work together to maintain stability and social order.

Organic analogy

The comparison of society to a living organism, where various institutions serve essential functions to meet society's needs.

Value-consensus

A shared set of norms and values in society that prevents individualism and promotes social order.

Sacred

Things set apart and forbidden that inspire feelings of awe, fear, and wonder in religious contexts.

Profane

Ordinary and mundane elements of life that lack special significance.

Collective rituals

Shared religious practices that bind individuals together and reinforce the social community.

Totem

A sacred emblem, often an animal or plant, that represents the identity and origins of a clan.

Collective conscience

The shared norms and values that enable social life and cooperation among individuals.

Anomie

A sense of normlessness or breakdown in social order, often exacerbated by rapid social change.

Civil religion

A belief system that attaches sacred qualities to society itself, integrating individuals from diverse religious backgrounds.

Conservative force

The role of religion in reinforcing existing norms and values and preventing social change.

Psychological functions of religion

The ways in which religion helps individuals cope with emotional stress and uncertainty.

Moral community

A group of individuals united by shared beliefs and values, often reinforced through religious practice.

Religious pluralism

The coexistence of multiple religions within a society, which may lead to social conflict or integration challenges.

Sacrilegious

Actions or beliefs that violate or disrespect sacred things.

Normlessness

A state in society where norms and values are confused or broken down.

Rituals

Prescribed or established procedures that involve the performance of specific actions, often in religious contexts.

Cohesion

The degree to which members of a group or society feel connected and united.

Emotional stress

Psychological strain that can arise from personal life challenges, requiring coping mechanisms.

Integration

The process of uniting different groups within society to achieve social harmony.

Social order

The arrangement and organization of society that maintains stability and prevents chaos.

Social glue

Metaphor for the factors that hold society together, fostering social cohesion.