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21 Terms

1

Factor Analysis

A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person’s total score.

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2

Savant Syndrome

A condition characterized by having an exceptional skill despite limited mental ability.

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3

Stanford-Binet test

The widely used American revision of Binet’s original intelligence test.

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4

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Assesses both verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests.

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5

Intellectual disability

A condition of limited mental ability indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below.

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6

Stereotype threat

A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.

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7

Intelligence Test

Used to assess an individual’s mental aptitudes and compare them with those of others.

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8

Intelligence

Mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.

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9

Mental Age

A measure of intelligence test performance that represents the chronological age corresponding to a given level of performance.

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10

Achievement tests

Designed to assess what a person has learned.

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11

Standardization

Defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group.

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12

Normal curve

A symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes.

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13

Reliability

The extent to which a test yields consistent results.

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14

Validity

The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to.

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15

Down syndrome

Caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 leading to intellectual disability and associated physical disorders.

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16

General Intelligence (g)

A general intelligence factor that underlies specific mental abilities.

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17

Emotional Intelligence

The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions.

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18

Intelligence quotient (IQ)

A score derived from standardized tests measuring intelligence, originally defined as a ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100.

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19

Aptitude tests

Predict a person’s future performance based on their capacity to learn.

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20

Content validity

The extent to which a test samples the relevant behavior that is of interest.

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21

Predictive validity

The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict.

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