Evidence for Evolution

A set of flashcards covering key concepts related to the evidence for evolution based on scientific evidence discussed in the lecture.

What are the four lines of evidence that support evolution?

1. Homology 2. Direct observations 3. The fossil record 4. Biogeography

What does homology refer to in the context of evolution?

Similarity in structure, function, genetics, or development of different species due to descent from a common ancestor.

What are homologous structures?

Structures that are similar in form due to common ancestry but may have different functions.

What are vestigial structures?

Remnants of features that served a function in an organism’s ancestors.

What is an example of a vestigial structure?

Pelvic bones in whales or the appendix in humans.

What is meant by 'ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny'?

It refers to the idea that the development of an individual organism (ontogeny) reflects the evolutionary history of its species (phylogeny).

What is a fossil record?

Fossils are remains or traces of organisms from the past that provide evidence of the origin and extinction of species.

What are transitional fossils?

Fossils that document important changes over time and serve as 'missing links' in the evolutionary history.

What does biogeography study?

The geographic distribution of species and how it reflects the historical movement of continents.

What is the significance of endemic species?

Endemic species are species not found anywhere else in the world, often closely related to species on the nearest mainland.

What does direct observation in evolution refer to?

Observations and studies documenting evolutionary processes, such as natural selection in response to environmental changes.

How do bacteria acquire resistance to antibiotics?

Bacteria can acquire resistance through mutations or horizontal gene transfer.

What is an example of natural selection observed in lizards?

Urban lizards have shown heritable changes in behavior due to selective pressures from living in urban environments.

What did Darwin propose about species on islands?

Darwin suggested that species on islands adapted to new environments and gave rise to new species.