Social Studies Civil War Test

Rising Sectionalism of the years 1800-1850

• Sectionalism is when you support the interests of a specific section of the country, but at the expense of national unity.

• This caused conflict and little communication.

• The regions became divided into the North South and West.

• The North used the industrial revolution, which caused productivity, but also money and health problems.

• The South used cotton, which gave money, but that wealth diminished with sudden poverty in the South.

• The West used trails, which brought exploration and wealth, but also deaths and displacement.

Missouri Compromise of 1820

• A compromise is an agreement where both sides get something they want, but have to give up something as well.

• This specific compromise preserved balance of slave and free territories/states.

• In 1854 a new bill was introduced, and it wanted to repeal the Missouri Compromise (a balance between slave and free states) and wanted voters to be allowed to decide if slavery is welcome in their territory or not.

• That proposal was called popular sovereignity.

• Northerners protested, and Southerners supported.

• This bill was passed in 1854, and slavery was now allowed in new places.

Fugitive

Someone who runs away from legal authority.

Secede

Leaving or going away from something.

Border Ruffian

An armed pro-slavery supporter who crossed the border form Missouri to vote in Kansas.

Civil War

Conflict between citizens of the same country.

Compromise of 1850

• Slavery led to debate, which led to compromise.

• Slave states were outvoted, and fugitive slave law voting was introduced.

• Clay’s compromise was to make slave trade legal.

• Calhoun opposed to Clay.

• Webster supported Clay.

• Taylor dies, and Fillmore supports.

• Douglass split all the compromises into parts, and Congress passed this (compromise of 1850) in 1850.

The Wilmot Proviso

A law banning slavery in land that was gained from the Mexican War.

The Fugitive Slave Act

• This was an act that stated if anyone helped a fugitive escape they would be punished.

• Many people did not agree, so free slaves and whites created the underground railroad.

• Future presidents intended to enforce the fugitive slave act, despite opposing views.

Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, and Bleeding Kansas

• Before this act, slavery was not allowed in the north.

• Stephen Douglass made a new bill repealing the Missouri Compromise and allowing popular sovereignity.

• Some agreed, some didn’t, but this was passed in 1854 and allowed slavery in new places.

• Everyone rushed to Kansas to vote (especially Border Ruffians).

• Pro-slavery wins, but is not accepted by opponents.

• Two rival governments were made and violence started in 1856.

• This is called Bleeding Kansas and started the civil war in Kansas.

• It ended in October of 1856 because troops ended it.

New Republican Party

• Democratic party split, northerners left all together, and the whig party was split.

• Republican party was made up of the antislavery whigs and democrats, as well as the free soilers. They wanted no slavery in new lands, they mostly won elections, and there were no republicans in the south.

• Democratic party was a southern party.

• The Republicans chose John C Fremont for the election, the Democrats chose James Buchanan, and the American Party (know-nothings) chose Millard Fillmore.

• The Democrats won, but people were still divided after a rigid election.

Dred Scott v. Sandford

• Scott was a slave for Sandford.

• He moved a lot from Missouri to Illinois to Wisconsin, but moved back to Missouri because the Northwest Ordinance declared Wisconsin and Illinois as free states.

• In 1846 Scott sued because he claimed that he had lived in free states before, so he should be free now.

• Chief Taney declared him not free, and not an actual citizen in 1857.

• He said that banning slavery was unconstitutional, which made Republicans very mad. They claimed it was a huge crime.

Lincoln-Douglass Debates of 1858

• Douglass was being considered for president, and Lincoln challenged him.

• They debated 7 times, and the main topic was slavery.

• Freeport Debate

  • Lincoln asks “can you ban slavery before becoming a state?

  • Douglass responds “yes, by not passing laws to protect slave holders”(**Known as the Freeport Doctrine**).

  • This made anti-slavery happy, but cost support from pro-slavery.

• Douglass won, but Lincoln gained a reputation.

Arsenal

A place to store weapons and military equipment.

John Brown and the Raid on Harper’s Ferry, VA

• October 16, 1859, Brown led a raid to revolt against slave holders.

• Brown was defeated and convicted of murder.

• Some hated him, some saw him as a martyr.

• Nation is now on the brink of disaster.

Martyr

A person who dies for a cause.

Election of 1860

• The question is will the union continue to exist?

• Northern Democrats were voting for popular sovereignity and elected Stephen Douglass, Southern Democrats wanted to uphold slavery and elected John Beckinridge, Constitutional Unionists had no position on slavery and elected John Bell, Republicans wanted to leave slavery alone where it is, but ban it in new territories and elected Abe Lincoln.

• Lincoln (Republicans) won.

• December 20 1860 SC left the union.

• John Crittenden (KY) suggested ammendments but most people rejected.

• February 1861 a lot of southern states also left the union and formed the confederate states of america with jefferson davis as president.

• They believed in states rights.

• Robert Lee (VA) expressed concerns, and people didn’t know what to believe in.

• Buchanan was still in office, and said that there is no right to secede from the union.

• Other southern states were deciding to leave or not.

• Lincolns Inagural Adress stated that overall, the union was perpetual.

Secession

withdrawl

State’s Rights

theory that individual states are independent and have the right to control their most important affairs.

Fort Sumter, Charleston Harbor, South Carolina 1861

• Fort Sumter became low on supplies.

• Lincoln sent unarmed troops to help, but Davis attacked the fort before they even arrived.

• Fighting started on April 12, 1861.