Reproduction: Late Pregnancy, Bleeding, Placenta Previa & Placental Abruption

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to late pregnancy complications focusing on placenta previa and placental abruption.

Placenta Previa

A condition where the placenta implants abnormally in the lower uterine segment, possibly covering the cervical os.

Complete Placenta Previa

The placenta completely covers the cervix.

Incomplete or Partial Placenta Previa

The placenta partially covers the cervix.

Marginal Placenta Previa

The placenta is near the cervix but does not cover it, usually ≤ 2.5 cm away.

Low-Lying Placenta

The placenta is attached to the lower uterine segment, but its exact relationship to the cervical os is undetermined.

Signs of Placenta Previa

Painless bright red bleeding in 2nd and 3rd trimesters, normal maternal vital signs, and high fetal presenting part.

Risk Factors for Placenta Previa

Advance maternal age, previous placenta previa, history of C-section, multiparity, maternal smoking, and assisted reproductive technologies.

Maternal Complications of Placenta Previa

Significant blood loss, morbidly adherent placenta, complications of C-section, and increased risk for placental abruption.

Fetal Complications of Placenta Previa

Includes prematurity, low birth weight, respiratory distress syndrome, and intrauterine growth restriction.

Placental Abruption

The premature separation of the placenta from the uterus before the birth of the baby.

Signs of Placental Abruption

Sudden onset of internal or external vaginal bleeding, dark red blood, abdominal pain, and firm uterus.

Maternal Complications of Placental Abruption

Hemorrhage, shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and potential death.

Risk Factors for Placental Abruption

Gestational hypertension, smoking, cocaine use, abdominal trauma, and history of prior abruption.

Classification of Placental Abruption

Grade 1: Mild separation; Grade 2: Moderate separation; Grade 3: Severe separation.

Management of Placenta Previa

Includes bedrest, pelvic rest, frequent ultrasounds, corticosteroids, and education for emergency transport.

Nursing Interventions for Placenta Abruption

Continuous fetal monitoring, IV access, monitoring vital signs, and preparation for potential blood transfusion.

Emergency Signs for Placental Abruption

Severe abdominal pain, significant vaginal bleeding, and signs of fetal distress.