Acquired Immunity

What is Specific Immunity

The third line of defense, characterized by immune responses designed to combat particular microorganisms.

Explain how Inflammation occurs

A 2nd line of defense where a pathogen stimulates increased blood flow to an infected area

Explain Phagocytosis

The process by which phagocytes engulf and destroy pathogens.

How does a Fever occur

An increased body temperature that enhances immune cell functions like phagocytosis and the activity of natural killer cells.

Define Antibody

A protein produced by the immune system to tag and destroy invasive microbes.

Define Antibiotic

A chemical produced by microbes that is toxic to bacteria, sometimes used as medicine.

Define Antigen

A protein that the immune system uses to recognize 'self' vs. 'not self.'

What do Humoral Immunity produce

Produces antigen-specific antibodies and is primarily driven by B cells.

Describe Cell-mediated Immunity

Does not depend on antibodies; driven by T cells, macrophages, and cytokine release.

Define Plasma Cells

Differentiated B-cells that rapidly produce antibodies.

Define Memory Cells

B-cells that retain the 'memory' of an invader and remain ready to divide rapidly if an invasion occurs again.

Define Helper T-cells

Cells with receptors for recognizing antigens; they release cytokines to stimulate B-cell division and signal an immune response.

Define Cytotoxic T-cells

Also known as 'killer' T-cells; they seek out and destroy antigens and microbes 'tagged' by antibodies.

Define Memory T-cells

Cells formed after an immune response that can quickly divide and produce cytotoxic T-cells upon re-encountering an invader.