Government Chapters 1-3

Early Migration to North America

Historians believe the first people reached North America by crossing the Bering Land Bridge from Asia during the Ice Age.

Reason for Early Migration

People migrated mainly to follow food sources such as large animals for hunting.

Cultural Development in North America

As people spread out, they developed different languages, lifestyles, and cultures based on their environments.

Permanent vs Nomadic Societies

Some groups formed permanent settlements while others continued roaming.

Native American Cultures

Over time, many tribes developed unique cultures, traditions, and social systems.

Immigrant

A person who comes into a country to live.

Emigrant

A person who leaves their country to live elsewhere.

Migrant

A person who moves within the same country or region.

Market Revolution

Changed how people buy things through growth of markets, trade, and money economy.

Industrial Revolution

Changed how goods are made using factories, machines, and mass production.

White Collar Jobs

Professional, office, or management jobs.

Blue Collar Jobs

Manual labor, factory, or trade jobs.

Pink Collar Jobs

Jobs historically held by women such as teaching, nursing, and clerical work.

Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness

Key principle from the Declaration of Independence.

Constitution

The foundation of the U.S. government that sets rules and principles.

Popular Sovereignty

The idea that government power comes from the people.

Limited Government

Government powers are restricted by law.

Personal Freedoms

Individual rights protected by the Constitution and Bill of Rights.

Citizenship

Being a recognized member of a country with rights and responsibilities.

Birthright Citizenship

Citizenship granted by being born in the U.S. or to U.S. citizen parents.

Naturalization

The legal process of becoming a citizen through application, exam, and oath.

Expatriation

Voluntarily giving up citizenship.

Denaturalization

Loss of citizenship due to lying during naturalization.

Alien

A foreign-born person living in another country.

Legal Alien

A foreign-born person lawfully allowed in the country.

Resident Alien

A legal alien who lives permanently in the U.S.

Non-Resident Alien

A person in the U.S. temporarily (student, tourist).

Refugee

A person fleeing danger such as war, persecution, or natural disaster.

Illegal Alien

A person who enters a country without legal documentation.