Dr. James' Gems

Dermatomes - C2

back of scalp

Dermatomes - C3

nape of neck

Dermatomes - C4

shoulders

Dermatomes - C5

lateral arm

Dermatomes - C6

lateral forearm, thumb + pointer finger

Dermatomes - C7

middle finger

Dermatomes - C8

ring and pinkie finger

Dermatomes - T1

medial forearm and elbow

Dermatomes - T2

axilla

Dermatomes - T3

above nipples

Dermatomes - T4

nipples

Dermatomes - T5

below nipples

Dermatomes - T7

xiphoid process

Dermatomes - T10

umbilicus

Dermatomes - T12

just above inguinal ligament

Dermatomes - L1

inguinal ligament and upper thigh

Dermatomes - L2

mid thigh

Dermatomes - L3

lower thigh and knee

Dermatomes - L4

medial leg (to the floor) and foot

Dermatomes - L5

lateral leg and dorsum foot

Dermatomes - S1

plantar foot, lateral foot, posterior calf

Myelopathy

cord

UMN (CNS)

complete exam

Radiculopathy

nerve root

LMN (PNS)

dermatomes, DTR, myotome tests

Neuropathy

peripheral nerve

LMN (PNS)

compartments test

Medial forearm and hand are innervated by

ulnar N

Lateral forearm and hand are innervated by

median N

Posterior arm, forearm, and hand are innervated by

radial N

Biceps, Brachialis, Coracobrachialis are innervated by

musculocutaneous N

(motor to arm, cutaneous/sensory to forearm and hand)

Deltoid and Teres minor (Big and little brother) are innervated by

axillary N

Teres major and subscapularis are innervated by

subscapular N

Supraspinatus and Intraspinatus are innervated by

suprascapular N

Levator scapula and rhomboids are innervated by

dorsal scapular N

Serratus anterior (winging) is innervated by

long thoracic N

Latissimus dorsi is innervated by

thoracodorsal N

Gluteus medius, minimus, and TFL are innervated by

superior gluteal N

Gluteus maximus is innervated by

inferior gluteal N

Quadriceps are innervated by

femoral N

Adductors is innervated by

obturator N

Hamstrings and gastrocnemius are innervated by

tibial N

Tibialis anterior (dorsiflex and invert foot) is innervated by

deep peroneal N

Peroneus longus and brevis (plantarflex and evert foot) are innervated by

superficial peroneal N

Common peroneal N splits at the surgical neck (lateral knee) into deep and superficial peroneal nerves, if the common peroneal N was injured what would occur

can’t invert or evert

can’t dorsiflex or plantarflex

Chiasmal lesion is typically a

pituitary tumor

Radiations (posterior to chiasm lesions) cause an individual to lose

a sliver of their visual field

Bi-temporal hemianospsia (chiasm lesion)

temporal field lost in both eyes

Homo-hemianopsia (optic tract lesion)

loss L or R of visual field in both eyes (same side in each eye)

Monocular blindness (optic N lesion)

full field lost in one eye

What is typically present when an individual has a heart attack (MI)

heart enzymes

Heart failure is caused by _____ and results in ______

hypertension; edema

Which ventricle fails first in congestive heart failure (nocturnal dyspnea+ orthopnea)

LEFT

What is it called when the RIGHT ventricle fails first

cor pulmonale

What is the first and last sign of heart failure

1st = fatigue

Last = pitting edema (anasarca), pink and frothy sputum

-sarcoma

primary bone cancer

periosteal reaction

What is the MC primary bone cancer without periosteal reaction

multiple myeloma

Breast vs Prostate cancer metastasis characteristics

breast - lytic (collapsed IVD)

prostate - blastic (ivory-white vertebrae)

4 Primary bone cancers

Multiple myeloma

Osteosarcoma

Chondrosarcoma

Ewing’s sarcoma

Bronchogenic carcinoma means it started in the

lungs

Bone tumor hint

What are the two epiphyseal (subarticular) tumors

chondroblastoma and giant cell

What are the two diaphyseal tumors

ewing’s sarcoma and momaloma

Chondroblastomas

<20 yo

encapsulated = benign!

Giant cell

crosses joint - can grow into metaphysis

Ewing’s sarcoma

<20 yo

laminated/onion skin

eats periosteum

Is Long zone of transition benign or malignant

malignant

Is cortical collar benign or malignant

benign (b/c encapsulated)