305 Posterior Abdominal Wall + Kidneys

T7

the abdomen "technically" begins at what vertebral level?

psoas major m.
iliacus m.
quadratus lumborum m.
transversus abdominis m.

name the 4 muscles of the posterior abdominal wall:

latissimus dorsi m.
external oblique m.
iliac crest

what structures make up the lumbar triangle (of Petit)?

lumbar hernia

identify the pathology

quadratus lumborum m.

identify the structure

Iliopsoas m.

what muscle of the posterior abdominal wall allows for hip flexion?

Iliopsoas m.

identify the structure

psoas major m.

identify the structure

psoas minor m.

identify the structure

transversus abdominis m.

identify the structure

psoas abscess

identify the pathology

psoas abscess

identify the pathology

psoas abscess

patient presents with pain in the lower back and abdomen that sometimes radiates to the anterior thigh and hip. Patient is struggling to overcome a tuberculosis infection. What is the diagnosis?

inflamed appendix

patient presents with pain in the lower back, abdomen and right thigh during flexion and extension. What is the likely cause?

infected sigmoid colon

patient presents with pain in the lower back, abdomen and left thigh during flexion and extension. What is the likely cause?

IVC

what structures passes through the diaphragm at the T8 vertebrae level?

IVC

what structure pierces the central tendon of the diaphragm to enter the abdominal cavity?

esophagus

what structures passes through the diaphragm at the T10 vertebrae level?

abdominal aorta

what structures passes through the diaphragm at the T12 vertebrae level?

phrenic n.

innervation for diaphragm:

right crus

what part of the diaphragm forms the esophageal hiatus?

esophagus

what structure passes through the right crus?

T10

the right crus loops at what vertebral level?

abdominal aorta

what structure passes into the abdominal cavity through the right and left crura, posterior to the esophagus?

inferior phrenic aa.

what arteries supply the diaphragm at the level of T12?

L4

at what vertebral level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the right and left common iliac aa?

external iliac a.

which branch of the common iliac a. supples the lower limbs?

internal iliac a.

which branch of the common iliac a. supples the pelvic structures?

celiac trunk
superior mesenteric a.
inferior mesenteric a.
median sacral a.

name the 4 unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta:

inferior phrenic a.
middle suprarenal a.
renal a.
gonadal a.
lumbar aa.

name the 5 paired branches of the abdominal aorta:

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)

identify the pathology

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)

identify the pathology

common iliac vv.

the IVC is formed by the conjunction of the:

IVC

the right inferior phrenic v. drains into the:

left renal v.

the left inferior phrenic v. drains into the:

IVC

the right suprarenal v drains into the:

left renal v.

the left suprarenal v drains into the:

IVC

the right gonadal vein drains into the:

left renal v.

the left gonadal vein drains into the:

left renal v.

what structure crosses directly anterioinferior to the superior mesenteric artery?

superior mesenteric a.

the paired renal arteries sit at the same level as what unpaired artery?

left psoas muscle

if there was a blockage in the left renal vein, what structures would not be affected:
- left kidney
- left testicle/ovary
- left adrenal gland
- left side of diaphragm
- left psoas muscle

genitofemoral n.

what nerve pierces through the psoas muscle?

genitofemoral n.

identify the structure

subcostal n.

identify the structure

iliohypogastric n.

identify the structure

ilioinguinal n.

identify the structure

femoral n.

identify the structure

psoas major m.

the genitofemoral n. pierces through what muscle?

lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh

what nerve runs over the superior surface of the iliacus muscle?

femoral n.

what nerve runs over the inferior surface of the iliacus muscle?

subcostal n.

what nerve runs inferior to the 12th rib?

iliohypogastric n.
ilioinguinal n.

what nerves cross over the quadratus lumborum m.?

genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

what branch of the genitofemoral n. travels through the inguinal canal to provide efferent fibers to the cremaster m.?

femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve

what branch of the genitofemoral n. travels below the inguinal ligament to provide afferent fibers to the skin of the thigh?

T8 - T12

Skin of anterior abdominal wall supplied by lower intercostal nerves:

T12

the subcostal nerve arises from spinal nerve level:

L1

the iliohypogastric nerve arises from spinal nerve level:

L1

the ilioinguinal nerve arises from spinal nerve level:

L1-L2

the genitofemoral nerve arises from spinal nerve level:

L2-L3

the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh arises from spinal nerve level:

L2-L4

the femoral nerve arises from spinal nerve level:

L2-L4

the obturator nerve arises from spinal nerve level:

celiac ganglia

postsynaptic efferent sympathetic cell bodies from the greater splanchnic nerves are found at the:

aorticorenal ganglia

postsynaptic efferent sympathetic cell bodies from the least splanchnic nerves are found at the:

superior mesenteric ganglia

postsynaptic efferent sympathetic cell bodies from the lesser splanchnic nerves are found at the:

inferior mesenteric ganglia

postsynaptic efferent sympathetic cell bodies from the lumbar splanchnic nerves are found at the:

sypathetic chain ganglia

afferent fibers from abdominal viscera travel through:

pre-aortic lymph nodes

what type of lymph nodes drain the GI system?

lateral aortic lymph nodes

what type of lymph nodes drain the structures of the posterior abdominal wall, pelvis and lower limb?

lateral aortic lymph nodes

what lymph nodes would the kidneys drain into?

pre-aortic lymph nodes

what lymph nodes would the jejunum drain into?

T12

the cisterna chyle is located at what vertebral level?

cisterna chyli

what structure sits to the right of the aorta behind the right crus?

right kidney

what structure is retroperitoneal and sits to the right of the duodenum and behind the liver?

left kidney

what structure is retroperitoneal and sits behind the tail of the pancreas to the right and under the spleen

psoas major m.
quadratus lumborum m.

what 2 muscles in the posterior abdominal wall sit posterior to the kidneys?

perirenal space

the space inside the renal fascia:

pararenal space

the space around the renal fascia:

hepatorenal recess (Morison's pouch)

space between the right kidney and liver, lowest space in the abdominal cavity when patient is supine:

right paracolic gutter

the hepatorenal recess is continuous inferiorly with the:

hepatorenal recess (Morison's pouch)

identify where the fluid has accumulated:

paracolic gutter

identify where the fluid has accumulated:

inferior phrenic a.

the superior suprarenal arteries are branches of the:

abdominal aorta

the middle suprarenal arteries are branches of the:

renal a.

the inferior suprarenal arteries are branches of the:

superior mesenteric a.

nutcracker syndrome is when the left renal vein is compressed by the:

renal v.

what structure is directly anterior to the renal arteries?

shorter

the left renal artery is ____ than the right renal artery

longer

the left renal vein is ____ than the right renal vein

Nutcracker syndrome

identify the pathology

superior mesenteric artery syndrome

identify the pathology

adrenal medulla

what part of the adrenal gland is directly innervated by preganglionic sympathetic fibers?

adrenal cortex

what part of the adrenal gland receives postganglionic neurons to innervate the suprarenal blood vessels?

minor calyx

where does the product of urine first pass through?

renal pelvis becomes ureter

what is the 1st location that a kidney stone could get caught:

ureter crossing pelvic brim

what is the 2nd location that a kidney stone could get caught:

ureter entering bladder

what is the 3rd location that a kidney stone could get caught:

T12-L1

at what vertebral level will referred pain from kidney stones be felt?

pelvis

where did the kidneys originally develop?