The Cell Cycle and Mitosis Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering the cell cycle phases, the five subphases of mitosis and cytokinesis, and cellular structures based on the lecture transcript.

G1 Phase

A period in the cell cycle characterized by rapid growth where centrioles begin to replicate.

S Phase

The phase of the cell cycle during which DNA replication occurs.

G2 Phase

The phase in which cell growth continues, final preparation for division occurs, and centrioles finish replicating.

Cell Cycle Checkpoints

Mechanisms that constantly check the progression between phases before division continues.

Prophase

The subphase of mitosis where the nuclear membrane disappears, nucleolus disintegrates, chromatin further condenses (coils), centrioles move to opposite ends, and microtubules (spindle fibers) form.

Metaphase

The subphase of mitosis where replicated chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell.

Anaphase

The subphase of mitosis where sister chromatids separate from each other and are pulled to opposite ends of the cell, and the cleavage furrow begins to form in late anaphase.

Telophase

The subphase of mitosis where chromatin decondenses (uncoil), nuclear membrane and nucleolus reappear, and the cleavage furrow continues to pinch inward.

Cytokinesis

The division of cytoplasm that is not part of mitosis, during which actin and myosin form a contractile ring and constrict.

Cytosol

The intracellular fluid portion of the cell cytoplasm.

Contractile Ring

A structure formed by actin and myosin during cytokinesis that constricts to divide the cytoplasm.