CHM255 Exam 1

Acyclic Alkanes

Propane

Cyclic Alkanes

Cyclohexane

Alkenes

Hydrocarbons with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds (ethylene)

Arenes

Aromatic Rings (Benzene)

Alkynes

a carbon compound with a carbon-carbon triple bond (ethyne)

Alcohols

Contain an OH group (ethanol)

Ethers

C-O-C (diethyl ether)

Thiols

-SH

Thioethers

R-S-R

Amines

Contains an NR3 group

Alkyl Halides

C-X ( X = F, Br, Cl, I)

Aldehydes and Ketones

contain the carbonyl group C=O

Carboxylic Acid

Contains a carbonyl group (CO) bonded to a hydroxyl group

Esters

Carbonyl Group bonded to an OR group

Thioester

Carbonyl group bonded to an SR group

Amide

Formamide

Acid Anhydride

two carbonyls bonded to O

Phosphate Esters

contain a phosphoryl group bonded to a carbon

Phosphate Anhydride

contain two phosphoryl groups bonded to an oxygen

Meth-

one

Eth-

2 carbons

Prop-

3 carbons

But-

4 carbons

Pent

5 carbons

Hex-

6 carbons

Hept-

7 carbons

Oct-

8 carbons

Non-

9 carbons

Dec-

10 carbons

Parent

# of carbons in chain

ane-

all single bonds

en-

Double bonds

yn-

triple bonds

-e

alkane

-ol

alcohol

-al

aldehyde

-one

ketone

-oic acid

carboxylic acid

Infix

nature of C-C bond in parent chain

Suffix

class of molecule

1-Locant

In nomenclature, a number used to identify the location of a substituent.

2-Prefix

Where are the substituents

3-Parent

How many Carbons

4-Suffix

What is the primary functional group

R --> R

Forward Reaction

R<---->P

Equilibrium

<--->

Resonance

.---->

Radical (single electron) movement

..---->

Two electron movement

SP3

Tetrahedral 109.5 (4 sigma bond)

SP2

trigonal planar, 120 (3 sigma bond, 1 pi bond)

SP

linear 180 (two pi bonds, two sigma bonds)

Cyclic Alkanes General Formula

CnH2n