Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
macroscopic structure
structural elements that may be viewed with the naked eye
tendon
Connects muscle to bone
myofibril
tightly packed filament bundles found within skeletal muscle fibers
muscle cell
long and slender and contains fibers that aid in contracting and relaxing
muscle fiber
a single muscle cell
fascicle
bundle of muscle fibers
endomysium
Connective tissue surrounding a muscle fiber
perimysium
Connective tissue surrounding a fascicle
epimysium
surrounds entire muscle
frontalis
raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
temporalis
elevates and retracts mandible
zygomaticus
smiling muscle
buccinator
Used to suck in your cheeks
orbicularis oculi
Closes eyelids; used in blinking, winking, and squinting
masseter
elevates mandible
orbicularis oris
closes and protrudes lips
sternocleidomastoid
Contraction of one side: laterally flexes neck, rotates head to opposite side; Contraction of both sides together: flexes neck
platysma
Draws down the lower lip and angles of the mouth; tenses skin of the neck; helps depress mandible
trapezius
Elevates, depresses, retracts, and rotates the scapula; rotates the arm
deltoid
shoulder
latissimus dorsi
extends and adducts humerus
erector spinae
prime mover of back extension
gluteus medius
abducts and medially rotates thigh
gluteus maximus
extends thigh at hip joint
hamstring group
located at the back of the upper leg, consists of three separate muscles: biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
biceps femoris
extends thigh and flexes leg
semitendinosus
Flexes leg at the knee and extends thigh at the hip; belongs to the hamstring group
semimembranosus
Flexes leg at the knee and extends thigh at the hip; belongs to the hamstring group
gastrocnemius
plantar flexes foot
soleus
plantar flexion
biceps brachii
flexes forearm
brachialis
flexes forearm
triceps brachii
extends forearm
pectoralis major
Adducts and flexes humerus, chest muscle
intercoastal muscles
in between the ribs, aids breathing
transversus abdominis
compresses abdomen
internal oblique
tenses abdominal wall and compresses abdominal contents
external oblique
Compresses abdomen; laterally flexes and rotates vertebral column
rectus abdominis
flexes vertebral column
iliopsoas
flexes hip
sartorius
Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at the hip; flexes knee
adductor muscles
adduct and medially rotate thigh
quadriceps group
rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
rectus femoris
extends leg and flexes thigh
vastus lateralis
extends leg at knee
vastus medialis
extends knee
tibialis anterior
dorsiflexion and inversion of foot
flexion
bending a joint
extension
Straightening of a joint
hyperextension
Excessive straightening of a body part
abduction
Movement away from the midline of the body
adduction
Movement toward the midline of the body
circumduction
circular movement of a limb at the far end
rotation
circular movement around an axis such as the shoulder joint
dorsiflexion
bending of the foot or the toes upward
plantar flexion
bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground
inversion
Turning the sole of the foot inward
eversion
turning the sole of the foot outward
supination
movement that turns the palm up (thumb out)
pronation
turning the palm downward (thumb in)
opposition
Movement of the thumb to touch the fingertips
origin
attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction
insertion
The attachment of a muscle tendon to a moveable bone or the end opposite the origin
applied force
a force that is applied to an object by a person or another object
prime mover
The muscle that acts as the initial and main source of motive power.
synergist
muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement and helps prevent rotation
antagonist
muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover
fixator
muscle that prevents movement of bone
skeletal muscle
A muscle that is attached to the bones of the skeleton and provides the force that moves the bones.
nuclei
clusters of neuron cell bodies in CNS
sarcolemma
plasma membrane of a muscle fiber
t tubules
tubular infoldings of the sarcolemma which penetrate through the cell and emerge on the other side
sarcoplasmic reticulum
Organelle of the muscle fiber that stores calcium.
sarcomeres
units composed of actin and myosin that contract inside the muscle fiber
a bands
dark bands composed of thick myosin filaments overlapping thin actin filaments
I bands
light bands because they contain only thin filaments
myosin filaments
thick filaments
Extend length of A band
Connected at M line
actin filaments
protein fibers that play a role in movement of cell and organelles
z disc/line
coin-shaped sheet of proteins on midline of light I band that anchors thin filaments and connects myofibrils to one another
myosin heads
Actin binding site
ATP binding site
neuron
a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system
dendrites
Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information.
axon
the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
axonal terminals
the end of the axon branches, contain hundreds of tiny vesicles that contain neurotransmitters.
neuromuscular junction
point of contact between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle cell
synaptic cleft
This is the space between neurons at a nerve synapse across which a nerve impulse is transmitted by a neurotransmitter-called also synaptic gap
neurotransmitters
chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons
electrical signal
an electric current that carries information
brain
The mass of nerve tissue that is the main control center of the nervous system
action potential
a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon
spinal cord
Nerves that run up and down the length of the back and transmit most messages between the body and brain
motor neuron
a neuron that sends an impulse to a muscle or gland, causing the muscle or gland to react
sliding filament theory
theory that actin filaments slide toward each other during muscle contraction, while the myosin filaments are still
calcium ions
Serves as the actual "trigger" for muscle contraction by removing the inhibition of the troponin molecules
myosin binding site
where myosin head attaches during contraction
ATP
(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work
graded responses
different degrees of skeletal muscle shortening