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Law of Reflection
The angle of reflection is equal to angle of incidence.
Law of Reflection
The incident ray, reflected ray and normal at points of incidence all lie on the same plane.
Normal Ray/ Line
is the imaginary that is perpendicular to the plane.
Total Internal Reflection
Critical Angle
Characteristics of Image formed frome Plan Mirror
Image are virtual (cannot be located with a screen)
Plane Mirror Image
Image is same size as object
Plane Mirror Image
Image is same distance inside the mirror
Plane Mirror Image
Image is upright
Plane Mirror Image
Image is laterally inverted
Law of Refraction
The sine of the angle of incidence over the sine of angle of reflection is a constant.
sin i/ sin r = constant = refractive index (n)
Also known as Snell’s Law
Law of Refraction
The incident ray, reflected ray and normal at the points of incidence all lie on the same plane.
Real Images
produced at a point to which light rays converge.
Virtual Images
produced at a point from which light rays appear to diverge.
Examples of real images:
image produced on the retina
image produced in a camera
image produced on the screen at the cinema
Examples of virtual images
image produced in a mirror
image produced by a convex lens acting as a magnifying glass
image produced by a concave lens
Features of real images formed by lenses
can be formed on a screen
are produced by the conv
Features of virtual images formed by lenses
cannot be formed on a screen
are produced due to the divergence of rays
are located on the same side of the lens as the object
are erect
When light enters a second medium perpendicular to its interface:
it does not deviate - the angles of incidence and refraction are both zero.
its speed is greater in the less optically dense medium.
When light enters a more optically dense medium other than perpendicularly:
it refracts towards the normal, that is the angle between the ray and the normal decreases
its speed decreases
Absolute Refractive Index
n = vacuum (c)/ medium (v)
Refractive Index is unitless
Absoulute Refractive Index > 1
Relative Refractive Index =< 1 or > 1, never = 1
Optical Density
measured by refractive index of a medium.
Refractive Index = Optical Density
Relative refractive index
compares two media’s light speeds.
Light Speed in vacuum
is 3×10³ m/s
Refractive Index in Greater Medium
is
