Circulatory and Excretory systems

atria

a chamber in the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into and ventricle

ventricles

once of the two lower chambers of the heart, each ventricle receives blood from the atria and pumps it into systemic or pulmonary circulation

septum

a muscular wall in the heart that separates the two ventricles and the two atria

superior vena cave

a vein responsible for returning oxygen-poor blood collected from the upper half of your body to the right atrium

inferior vena cava

carries oxygen-poor blood back to your right atrium from the lower half of your body

pulmonary vein

blood vessel that carries blood from the lungs to the heart

pulmonary artery

blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the lungs

aorta

artery that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to all regions of the body except the lungs

valves

extension of a vessel or the heart wall that opens and closes, ensuring one way fluid flow

arteries

blood vessels carrying oxygen rich blood away from the heart

veins

blood vessel that carries oxygen poor blood to the heart

capillaries

gases and other substances are exchanged between the circulatory system and body tissues across the capillary wall, one cell thick

pulmonary pathway

carries oxygen poor blood from the heart to the lungs and oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the heart

systemic pathway

carries oxygen rich blood from the heart to the body tissues and oxygen poor blood from the tissues to the heart

coronary pathway

supplies oxygen rich blood to and carries oxygen poor blood from the muscle tissue of the heart

plasma

fluid portion of blood, made up of water, dissolved gas, proteins, sugars, vitamins and minerals, hormones and waste product

red blood cells

blood cell that contains the hemoglobin and is specialized for oxygen transport

white blood cells

protects the body from infection

platelets

consists of fragments of cells that are created when larger cells in bone marrow break apart, plays a key role in blood clotting

kidneys

pair of organs that filter waste from the blood and adjusts the concentration of salts in the blood

ureters

a pair of muscular tubes that carry urine from kidneys to the bladder

bladder

an organ that stores urine until released

urethra

the tube through which urine exits the bladder and the body

nephron

tube filtration unit found in the kidneys that filters and reabsorbs various substances from the blood

bowmans capsule

cap like formation at the top of each nephron that serves as a filtration structure, surrounds the glomerulus

glomerulus

a cluster of capillaries around the end of a kidney tubule, where waste products are filtered from blood

proximal tubule

tubular portion of the nephron that lies between the bowmans capsule and loop of henele, reabsorbs water and solutes as well as secretion of hydrogen ions

loop of henele

tubular portion that lies between the proximal tubule and distal tubule, reabsorbs water and ions

distal tubule

tubular portion that lies between the loop of henele and proximal tubule

collecting duct

large channel arising from the tubule connected to the bowmans capsule in the nephron, used as a water conservation device and reabsorbs water from the filtrate in the nephron

glomerular filtration

process that results in the movement of water and solutes from blood plasma into the nephron down a pressure gradient

tubule reabsorption

process where water and solutes are reabsorbed from the filtrate in the nephron and moved to the capillaries for re use by the body

tubular secretion

process that moves additional wastes and excess substances from the blood into the filtrate in the nephron

water reabsorption

process that removes water from the filtrate in the nephron and returns it to the blood for re use by the body

circulatory system

a system of vessels that transports blood and the cells and substances in the blood throughout the body

heart

muscular organ that pumps blood through the circulatory system using contractions and relaxations

blood vessels

a tube through which blood circulates the body

blood

red liquid that circulates in the arteries and veins, carries oxygen and carbon dioxide from the tissues of the body

blood pressure

pressure exerted against blood vessel walls as circulating blood passes through the vessels

medula

inner part of the kidney that helps regulate the concentration of urine by filtering out water and salts

cortex

outer layer of the kidney it removes waste and returns needed substances to the body

pelvis

area at the center of the kidney where urine collects and is funneled into the ureter

hemoglobin

respiratory pigment found in red blood cells that transports oxygen from lungs to the body