golgi apparatus

label the diagram

circles at the top → cis golgi network (CGN)

purple flattened area → cis golgi cisternae

red flattened area → medial golgi cisternae 

yellow flattened area → trans golgi cisternae 

circles at the bottom → trans golgi network (CGN) 

whats the functions of the golgi apparatus 

• post translational modification factory

• trafficking hub of proteins / lipids in cell

what are the 6 main roles of the golgi apparatus

• glycan maturation

• phosphorylation

• sulfation

• proteolysis

• trafficking

• sorting

describe in more detail the pathway of the golgi apparatus functions 

1. once received the golgi passes these molecules (lipids and proteins from rer and ser) through cisternae from cis to trans (anterograde transport) 

2. covalently modifies them (sulfation, phosphorylation, glycosylation lipid synthesis) 

what does the rER and the sER each send to the golgi apparatus?

sER: sends lipids

rER: sends proteins with initial N-glycosylation and folding

what is anterograde transport (5) steps 

• transport from the er to the golgi apparatus 

• proteins made in rER are packaged into transport vesicles

• which bud off rER membrane and move towards cis face of golgi

• and fuse with the cis golgi network membrane (CGN)

• and release their proteins inside of the golgi for sorting and modifications 

what is retrograde 

transport of vesicles from golgi back to rER 

• to return wrongly sent vesicles containing ER resident proteins (proteins meant to stay within the rER)