Case Based Exam Format Flashcards

Which intervention is MOST occupation-based? A. Practicing baseball participation with Joshua B. Isolated strengthening only C. Passive stretching only D. Worksheets only

A. Practicing baseball participation with Joshua

Why do OTs use theories and FoRs? A. To guide clinical reasoning and intervention B. To replace occupation C. To avoid evidence D. To eliminate client-centered care

A. To guide clinical reasoning and intervention

Joshua's parents want him to tolerate baseball uniforms. The OT plans an Ayres SI intervention. Which intervention BEST aligns with Ayres SI principles? A. Having Joshua repeatedly wear the uniform for increasing durations at home B. Engaging Joshua in child-directed sensory-rich play while gradually incorporating uniform materials into meaningful activities C. Providing a social story about baseball uniforms D. Completing a sensory worksheet about clothing preferences

B. Engaging Joshua in child-directed sensory-rich play while gradually incorporating uniform materials into meaningful activities

Joshua demonstrates tactile defensiveness during grooming activities. Which sensory system should the OT primarily consider when designing intervention? A. Vestibular system B. Auditory system C. Tactile system D. Visual system

C. Tactile system

The OT observes that Joshua avoids grooming, clothing changes, and certain peer activities. Which occupational area is MOST affected? A. Education B. Rest and sleep C. Social participation D. Play exploration

C. Social participation

Joshua is apprehensive about baseball because of the team uniform. Which OT goal is MOST occupation-based? A. Tolerate three fabric samples B. Wear a baseball uniform during participation in team activities C. Identify five clothing textures D. Complete a sensory worksheet

B. Wear a baseball uniform during participation in team activities

Joshua's clothing sensitivity is MOST consistent with which Ayres dysfunction category? A. Bilateral integration deficit B. Somatodyspraxia C. Sensory modulation dysfunction D. Postural ocular disorder

C. Sensory modulation dysfunction

Nathan's parents ask about a newly advertised treatment that has little supporting evidence. What is the MOST ethical OT response? A. Recommend the treatment because families deserve every option B. Discourage the treatment entirely C. Explain available evidence, limitations, risks, and benefits so the family can make an informed decision D. Refer all questions to the physician

C. Explain available evidence, limitations, risks, and benefits so the family can make an informed decision

Nathan requires assistance maintaining trunk stability while practicing dressing. Which point of control would MOST likely facilitate postural stability while promoting active movement? A. Hand B. Wrist C. Pelvis D. Foot

C. Pelvis

Nathan is learning a new dressing task and frequently makes errors. Which type of feedback is MOST appropriate during the early stage of motor learning? A. Minimal feedback B. Delayed summary feedback C. Frequent feedback focused on performance D. No feedback to encourage independence

C. Frequent feedback focused on performance

Nathan repeatedly practices dressing during naturally occurring routines at home. This is an example of: A. Task-specific training B. Reflex integration C. Sensory modulation D. Mental practice

A. Task-specific training

When facilitating sit-to-stand transfers, supporting Nathan at the shoulders rather than the pelvis would provide: A. More proximal control B. More distal control C. No change in control D. Vestibular input

B. More distal control

Melissa wants to learn how to independently swing on the playground. According to CO-OP, what should the OT do FIRST? A. Teach the movement sequence step-by-step B. Select a goal based on parent priorities C. Facilitate Melissa's identification of a meaningful goal D. Analyze muscle strength deficits

C. Facilitate Melissa's identification of a meaningful goal

Melissa is unable to generate a strategy for moving the swing independently. Which therapist statement BEST reflects guided discovery? A. "Move your legs forward and backward like this." B. "Watch me first." C. "What do you think happens when your legs move forward?" D. "Keep trying until you figure it out."

C. "What do you think happens when your legs move forward?"

Melissa successfully swings after several sessions and can explain her own strategy for maintaining momentum. This outcome BEST reflects: A. Reflex integration B. Transfer of cognitive strategy use C. Sensory modulation D. Passive motor learning

B. Transfer of cognitive strategy use

Melissa struggles with writing, cutting, and learning new motor tasks despite strong verbal skills. Which Ayres dysfunction category is MOST likely? A. Somatodyspraxia B. Auditory defensiveness C. Gravitational insecurity D. Visual impairment

A. Somatodyspraxia

The CO-OP global strategy is: A. Stop-Think-Do B. Goal-Plan-Do-Check C. Observe-Perform-Reflect D. Ready-Set-Go

B. Goal-Plan-Do-Check

Melissa is beginning to understand how to pump a swing but still requires feedback. Which motor learning stage is represented? A. Cognitive B. Associative C. Autonomous D. Reflexive

B. Associative

The therapist demonstrates pumping a swing before Melissa attempts it herself. This is an example of: A. Coaching B. Modeling C. Handling D. Feedback

B. Modeling

Danny immediately engages with scooter boards and playground equipment. Why is this observation important from an Ayres SI perspective? A. It identifies a preferred reinforcer only B. It suggests opportunities for intrinsic motivation and active engagement C. It indicates age-appropriate executive functioning D. It confirms vestibular dysfunction

B. It suggests opportunities for intrinsic motivation and active engagement

Danny's SLP reports difficulty following multi-step directions. Which executive functioning skill is MOST likely affecting performance? A. Inhibition B. Working memory C. Emotional regulation D. Self-awareness

B. Working memory

Danny demonstrates auditory hypersensitivity. Which classroom accommodation is MOST likely to support participation? A. Increasing auditory stimulation B. Seating him near the loudest peers C. Providing access to noise-reducing strategies during challenging activities D. Requiring participation in all noisy activities

C. Providing access to noise-reducing strategies during challenging activities

Danny's tactile and auditory hypersensitivities are MOST indicative of: A. Somatodyspraxia B. Sensory modulation dysfunction C. Bilateral integration deficit D. Postural disorder

B. Sensory modulation dysfunction

Danny's parents appear overwhelmed during the evaluation. Which action BEST reflects family-centered practice? A. Focus exclusively on Danny B. Build rapport and collaborate with caregivers C. Ignore caregiver concerns D. Delay communication until treatment begins

B. Build rapport and collaborate with caregivers

Austin frequently approaches peers and talks extensively about engines without recognizing whether they are interested. Which SEL competency is MOST directly impacted? A. Self-management B. Social awareness C. Responsible decision-making D. Self-awareness

B. Social awareness

Austin's OT wants to support his goal of developing friendships. Which intervention is MOST occupation-based? A. Completing worksheets about friendship B. Practicing peer interactions in naturally occurring school activities C. Memorizing social rules D. Reading independently about communication

B. Practicing peer interactions in naturally occurring school activities

Austin has difficulty understanding another person's perspective during conversations. Which executive functioning skill is MOST closely related? A. Cognitive flexibility B. Working memory C. Initiation D. Organization

A. Cognitive flexibility

Austin's goal of making a friend primarily targets which area of occupation? A. ADLs B. Education C. Social participation D. Play exploration

C. Social participation

During a session, an OT demonstrates shoe tying before asking the client to attempt the task. The therapist is using: A. Coaching B. Modeling C. Guided discovery D. Handling

B. Modeling

An OT asks, "What worked well during that attempt?" after a client completes a task. This interaction is BEST described as: A. Modeling B. Handling C. Coaching D. Facilitation

C. Coaching

A child is learning a novel motor skill and relies heavily on verbal instructions. Which stage of motor learning is represented? A. Autonomous B. Associative C. Cognitive D. Automatic

C. Cognitive

A child performs a skill accurately and consistently with little conscious effort. Which stage of motor learning is represented? A. Cognitive B. Associative C. Autonomous D. Guided

C. Autonomous

An OT has a child practice buttoning, zippering, and tying shoes in mixed order during a session. Which motor learning strategy is being used? A. Blocked practice B. Random practice C. Massed practice D. Mental practice

B. Random practice

A child practices only buttoning for an entire session before moving to another task. Which motor learning strategy is being used? A. Blocked practice B. Random practice C. Variable practice D. Distributed practice

A. Blocked practice

Mentally rehearsing the steps of tying shoes before performing them is an example of: A. Mental practice B. Random practice C. Whole practice D. Errorless learning

A. Mental practice

The ability to stop oneself from blurting out an answer before being called on reflects: A. Working memory B. Inhibition C. Planning D. Organization

B. Inhibition

Remembering a three-step direction while completing it primarily relies on: A. Cognitive flexibility B. Working memory C. Inhibition D. Self-monitoring

B. Working memory

A retained ATNR is MOST likely to interfere with which school occupation? A. Running B. Handwriting C. Dressing only D. Feeding only

B. Handwriting

A retained STNR may contribute to difficulties with: A. Sitting posture and classroom participation B. Visual acuity C. Hearing discrimination D. Emotional regulation

A. Sitting posture and classroom participation

Linear movement on a swing primarily activates which vestibular receptors? A. Semicircular canals B. Utricle and saccule C. Golgi tendon organs D. Muscle spindles

B. Utricle and saccule

Rotational movement during spinning primarily activates: A. Muscle spindles B. Semicircular canals C. Merkel cells D. Utricle and saccule

B. Semicircular canals

Which SEL competency involves recognizing one's own emotions, strengths, and limitations? A. Social awareness B. Self-awareness C. Relationship skills D. Responsible decision-making

B. Self-awareness

Which SEL competency involves making ethical and constructive choices about behavior? A. Self-awareness B. Self-management C. Responsible decision-making D. Relationship skills

C. Responsible decision-making

A therapist chooses an intervention because research supports its effectiveness, it aligns with the client's goals, and the family agrees with the plan. This BEST demonstrates: A. Sensory integration B. Evidence-based practice C. Reflex integration D. Motor control theory

B. Evidence-based practice