AP Human Geography Ch.2 Population

This knowt is suppose to help you memorize the first part of Unit 2 of AP Human Geography.

Highest rate of the world’s natural increase

30% South Asia.

What continents have exceedingly high and low TFR’s

High TFR’s: Africa, Southwest Africa Sub-Saharan Africa.

Low TFR’s: Europe, North America, Southeast Asia.

Know the country that was first to enter Stage 2 of the DTM

England

Stage 1 DTMcharacteristics

Stage 1: Low Growth

• Very high CBR

• Very high CDR

• Very low NIR

Stage 2 DTM characteristics

Stage 2: High Growth

• High CBR

• Rapidly declining CDR

• Very high NIR

Stage 3 DTM characteristics

Stage 3: Moderate Growth

• Rapidly declining CBR

• Moderately declining CDR

• Moderate NIR

Stage 4 DTM characteristics

Stage 4: Low Growth

• Very low CBR

• Low or slightly increasing CDR 

• Zero or negative NIR

Which country was negative NIR.

China due to its one-child policy and aging population.

Japan also experiences negative NIR due to low birth rates and an aging population.

Highest dependency ratio in the world

47% Europe and 87% Sub-Saharan Africa

Know the population percent of city and farmers in Europe

¾ live in cities. fewer than 5 percent are farmers. Approximately 75% live in urban areas, while less than 5% are engaged in agriculture.

Know the principle of physiological density

The total population in proportion to the area of arable land. It measures the number of people per unit area of arable land, indicating the pressure on agricultural resources.

Definition of eugenics

Encouragement of one race or specific group of people to have large families at the expense of another group of people(have a perfect race). A controversial belief and practice aimed at improving the genetic quality of a human population by promoting reproduction among those deemed "desirable" and restricting it among those considered "undesirable."

Shape of the population pyramid of a developed country

lopsided vase

Stage 2 population Population Pyramid

Stage 2 - Pyramid with a wide base and narrow top, indicating high birth rates and declining death rates.

Stage 3 population pyramid

A population pyramid with a narrowing base that shows a more rectangular shape, indicating declining birth rates and low death rates, typical of developed countries.

Country that are in Stage 2 DTM only need one

Afghanistan, Nigeria, Yemen, most of Sub Saharan Africa

Where a relatively young age structure would be found

Less Developed Countries

Crude Death Rate/ World Mortality Rate

The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population over a specific period

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

The number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births in a given year.

Child Mortality Rate (CMR)

The number of deaths of children aged 1 to 5 years (before their 5th birthday) per 1,000 live births in a given year.

Why U.S. and Canada have a higher crude death rate than Mexico

They have more elderly people than Mexico

US - 8.33/1000

Mexico - 4.8/1000 

Know the characteristics of a society in the last stage of the DTM

Stage 4 Low Stationary has low birth rates and low death rates (birth 15 and death 10 or lower) SPL Stationary Population Level

What Switzerland, Canada, and New Zealand have in common with population growth

They all have low population growth rates due to high levels of urbanization, economic development, and access to healthcare.

Know the similarities of “stationary” and “expanding” growth rates in the DTM

Stationary growth rate - Doesn’t go up or down that much 

Expanding growth rate - Goes up a lot quickly 

Know the difference between physiological density and crude population density

Physiological density measures the number of people per unit of arable land, while crude population density measures the total number of people per unit area of land.

Know how to compute arithmetic density

total number of people divided by the total land area. 

Know the TFR replacement rate number to have a steady population

2.1

Know what a country could try to do to promote economic growth with an aging population

Immigrants would fill roles for jobs.

Know why Africa’s population continues to grow even though TFR is declining

When TFR declines, demographic momentum from previous high birth rates still contributes to growth.

What describes the concept that population grows even when TFR rates decline

Demographic momentum

Where the majority of India’s population would be located (

2 Major rivers in India: Ganges and Indus river

Know what determined Europe’s population location throughout the years

Coal fields.

Know the major focus (majority) of North America’s population

Near the water and megalopolis.

What was offered as payments at times for debts in Afghanistan

Women

Thomas Malthus idea of subsistence grew at what rate

Population growth was exponential and subsistence(food) grew at a linear rate

Know the two things that add to a population growth of a country (notes)

Reproduction and immigration.

How the world’s population time is trending today

It is increasing. Doubling time.

What Switzerland, Canada, and New Zealand have in common with population growth

Low population growth rates 

What has caused the decline of birth rate in Europe

Education, industrial revolution snd agricultural revolution led to people moving to major cities