Unit III: Chapter 10- Endocrine System and Homeostasis

Endocrine system

hormone-producing glands and tissues of the body

Endocrine system

uses hormones

Endocrine system

hormones released into the blood and most travel all over the body before they reach their target

Endocrine system

response is slow and more sustained

Nervous system

uses neurons and neurotransmitter

Nervous system

response is fast and it dosent last very long

1. Hormones are released from the secreting cell into the blood

2. Hormones travel throughout the body in the blood

3. When they reach the target cell they attach to a receptor

How does the endocrine system send messages to different parts of the body

- blood sugar

-metabolism

- growth

reproductive development and function

the endocrine system also controls:

Hormones

chemical that circulate throughout the blood and exert sme measure of control over most every organ and tissue in the body

pituitary gland

many hormones released by the _________ _____ stimulate other glands to releasesd other hormones

Releasing hormones

stimulates other glands to release hormones

Inhibitory hormones

stops a gland from releasing hormones

Negative feedback loop

a mechanism that works to "reverse" or "decrease" changes in the body

Positive feedback loop

a mechanism that serves to "increase" the effect of an action

Somatotropin, or human growth hormone (HGH)

target cell/ organ: bones, tissue

Somatotropin, or human growth hormone (HGH)

Action: regulates growth and developement of body tissues

ACTH

target organ/ cell: adrenal cortex

ACTH

action: causes the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol and aldosterone

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

target organ/ cell: thyroid gland

Oxytocin

target organ/ cell: uterine muscles

Oxytocin

target organ/ cell: mammary gland

Antidiuertic Hormone (ADH) (Vasopressin)

target organ/ cell: blood

Antidiuertic Hormone (ADH) (Vasopressin)

target organ/ cell: arteries

Antidiuertic Hormone (ADH) (Vasopressin)

target organ/ cell: collecting ducts of kidneys

Antidiuertic Hormone (ADH) (Vasopressin)

action: regulates sodium levels in blood

Antidiuertic Hormone (ADH) (Vasopressin)

action: causes damaged blood vessels to constrict to reduce blood loss

Antidiuertic Hormone (ADH) (Vasopressin)

action: causes kidneys to retain water

Pituitary gland

located at the base of the brain. Called the "master gland".

Pituitary gland

nervous system sends signals via the hypothalamus to exert over the _____________

Somatotropin (human growth hormone [HGH])

ACTH

Thyroid stimulating hormone

Oxytocin

Antidiuertic hormone (ADG) or vasopressin

pituitary gland hormones

Thyroid gland

located in the throat, butterfly shaped

thyroid gland

produces thyrocine and calcitonin

Thyroxine function

increases metabolism and oxygen rate

thyroxine function

released from the thyroid gland when stimulated by TSH from the pituitary

Calcitonin function

lowers blood calcium levels

Calcitonin function

moves calcium from the blood and into the bones. This lowers the amount of calcium in the blood

Parathyroid glands

located on the surface of the thyroid gland

parathyroid glands

produces PTH

PTH (parathyroid hormone) function

causes bones to release calcium into the bloodstream

Pancreas

located near the small intestine

Pancreas

contins specialized endocrine cells called islets of Langerhans

Pancreas

secretes Insulin and Glucagon

Insulin

stores glucose in the liver

Glucagon

releases glucose from you liver into the blood

Pineal Gland

located deep in the brain

Pineal gland

produces melatonin

Melatonin

makes you sleep

Adrenal glands

located on top of the kidenys

Adrenal glands

made of two layers:

-adrenal cortex

-adrenal medulla

Adrenal cortex

outside of the adrenal gland

Adrenal cortex

regulates long-term stress response (sustained stress response)

Adrenal cortex

Releases the hormones Aldosterone and Cortisol

Aldosterone

increases blood pressure through raising sodium levels in the blood

Cortisol

Increases glucose levels in the blood

Cortisol

stress hormone

Adrenal Medulla

inside the adrenal gland

Adrenal medulla

Regulates short-term stress response (rapid and short lived stress response)

Adrenal medulla

Releases the hormones Adrenaline (epinephrine) and Noradrenaline (norepinephrine)

Adrenaline and Noradrenaline

the fight or flight hormones

Adrenaline and Noradrenaline

Increases heart rate, respiration rate, blood glucose, blood flow to the heart and muscles and metabolism

Gonads

the male _____ is the testes which releases testosterone

Gonads

the female _____ is the ovaries which releases estrogen

Testosterone

secondary male sex hormone (ex. deep voice, hair growth)

Estrogen

secondary female sex hormone )ex. mensual cycle, breast growth)

pituitary gland

Thyroid gland

Parathyroid glands

Pancreas

Pineal gland

adrenal glands

Gonads