BIOC Unit 8 Transport in Mammals

5 years

this is how long artificial hearts last

oxygen and glucose

all living cells need a CONSTANT supply of reactant such as?

CO2 (carbon dioxide)

this is considered waste

mass transport

this is the bulk movement of gases or liquids in one direction, usually via a system of vessels and tubes

one way

the circulatory system flows in what way?

closed circulatory system

blood is pumped around the body and is always contained within a network of blood vessels, all vertebrates/many invertebrate

open circulatory system

blood is not contained within the blood vessels but is pumped directly into body cavities, arthropods and mollusks

pulmonary circulatory system

The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for gas exchange.

pulmonary

lungs

systematic circulatory system

blood in the left side of the heart, oxygenated blood is carried to be pumped throughout the body

systematic

body

pulmonary vein, left atrium, aorta, blood tissues, vanacava, right ventricle/right atrium, pulmonary artery

name these in order starting from lungs

arteries, veins, capillaries

3 types of blood vessels

arteries

vessels carrying blood away from the heart

veins

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

capillaries

Smallest blood vessels, in charge of exchanging material

no

do arteries have valves?

yes

do veins have valves?

endothelium

innermost lining of blood vessels

120mmHg or 16kPa

blood pressure of the aorta

elastic arteries

closer to the heart; allow stretch as blood is pumped into them and recoil when ventricles relax

muscular arteries

distal to elastic arteries; deliver blood to body organs

vasoconstriction

narrowing of blood vessels

vasodilation

widening of blood vessels

aorta

largest artery

7 micrometers

size of capillary and red blood cell

35mmHg or 4.7kPa

blood pressure when entering capillary

1) muscle contrations push inward on veins
2) veins have semilunar vales from endothelial layer

solution to low blood pressure problems against gravity

plasma

Liquid part of blood, 95% water, proteins ions nutrients waste gases

extracellular fluid/interstitial fluid/tissue fluid

old plasma w/o red blood cells

hydrostatic pressure
osmotic pressure

liquid leaves the plasma to form tissue fluid depending on these two opposing forces

Homeostasis

includes:
- glucose concentration
- water
- pH
- metabolic waste
- temperature

erythrocyte

red blood cell

leucocyte

white blood cell

thrombocyte

platelet

3-4 months

red blood cell life span

blood stem cells, white blood cells, platelets, red blood cells

blood cells from biggest to smallest

white blood cell

cells ending in "cyte" ex: lymphocyte and monocyte, and all cells with "Phil" are?:

phagocytes

destroy invaders by phagocytosis, a white blood cell

lymphocytes

type of white blood cell

haemoglobin