RAD 112 Chapter 2 Study Guide

What are the Quadrants of the Abdomen

right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower

What are the superior regions of the abdomen?

right hypochondrium, epigastrium, left hypochondrium

What are the middle regions of the abdomen?

right lateral, umbilical, left lateral

What are the inferior regions of the abdomen?

right inguinal, hypogastrium, left inguinal

What External Landmark can help radiographers find C1

mastoid tip

What External Landmark can help radiographers find C2 and C3

gonion

What External Landmark can help radiographers find C3, and C4

hyoid bone

What External Landmark can help radiographers find C5

thyroid cartilage

What External Landmark can help radiographers find C7 and T1

vertebra prominens

What External Landmark can help radiographers find T1

2 inches above jugular notch

What External Landmark can help radiographers find T2 and T3

level of jugular notch

What External Landmark can help radiographers find T4 and T5

level of sternal angle

What External Landmark can help radiographers find T7

level of inferior angles of scapula

What External Landmark can help radiographers find T9 and T10

xiphoid process

What External Landmark can help radiographers find L2 and L3

inferior costal margin

What External Landmark can help radiographers find L4 and L5

top of iliac crests

What External Landmark can help radiographers find S1 and S2

level of anterior superior iliac spine

What External Landmark can help radiographers find Coccyx

level of pubic symphysis and greater trochanters

Body Habitus affects the location of what organs?

heart

lungs

diaphragm

stomach

colon

gallbladder

What percent of people are Sthenic?

50%

What percent of people are Hyposthenic?

35%

What percent of people are Asthenic?

10%

What percent of people are Hypersthenic?

5%

What are the build, abdomen, thorax, and pelvis builds of a Sthenic body

Build: Moderately Heavy

Abdomen: Moderately Long

Thorax: Moderately Short, Broad, and Deep

Pelvis: Relatively Small

What are the build, abdomen, thorax, and pelvis builds of a Hyposthenic body

Intermediate between Sthenic and Asthenic

What are the build, abdomen, thorax, and pelvis builds of a Asthenic body

Build: Frail

Abdomen: Short

Thorax: Long

Pelvis: Wide

What are the build, abdomen, thorax, and pelvis builds of a Hypersthenic body

Build: Massive

Abdomen: Long

Thorax: Short, Broad, Deep

Pelvis: Narrow

How many bones are in the human body?

206 bones

How many bones are in the axial skeleton?

80 bones

How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

126 bones

What are the 5 Classifications of Bones

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

What bones are long bones

femur,

tibia,

fibula,

metatarsals,

phalanges,

humerus,

radius,

and metacarpals

What bones are short bones

wrist and ankle bones

What bones are flat bones

sternum, scapulae, ribs, most skull bones

What bones are irregular bones

vertebrae and hip bones

What bones are sesamoid bones

patella, on palmar aspect of thumb

What are the 3 joint classifications

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Classification of Fibrous Joints and Movements

Syndesmosis: Slightly Moveable

Suture: Immovable

Gomphosis: Immovable

Classification of Cartilaginous Joints and Movements

Symphysis: Slightly Moveable

Synchondrosis: Immovable

Classification of Synovial Joints and Movements

Gliding

Hinge

Pivot

Ellipsoid

Saddle

Ball and Socket

All Freely Movable

What is the Process Condyle

rounded process at an articular extremity

What is the Process Coracoid

beak-like process

What is the Process Crest

ridge-like process

What is the Process Epicondyle

above the condyle process

What is the Process Facet

small; smooth surface process

What is the Process Hamulus

hook-like process

What is the Process Head

expanded end of a long bone

What is the Process Horn

horn-like process

What is the Process Line

less prominent ridge then a crest process

What is the Process Malleolus

club shaped process

What is the Process Protuberance

projecting part

What is the Process Spine

sharp process

What is the Process Styloid

long; pointed process

What is the Process Trochanter

either of 2 large rounded processes

What is the Process Tubercle

small, rounded, elevated process

What is the Process Tuberosity

large, rounded, elevates process

What is the Depression Fissure

cleft; deep groove

What is the Depression Foramen

hole in bone

What is the Depression Fossa

pit, fovea, or hollow space

What is the Depression Groove

shallow, linear channel

What is the Depression Meatus

tube-like passageway

What is the Depression Notch

indention into border of a bone

What is the Depression Sinus

recess, groove cavity, hollow space

What is the Depression Sulcus

furrow, trench, of fissure like depression

What are the 4 types of Fractures

closed

open

non-displaced

displaced

What is an open fracture?

broken bone that breaks through the skin

What is a closed fracture?

break that does not penetrate the skin

What is a nondisplaced fracture?

bone ends retain their normal position

What is a displaced fracture?

bone ends are out of normal alignment

What are the Fracture Classifications

compression

open or compound

simple

greenstick

transverse

spiral or oblique

comminuted

impacted