APUSH 7.4 (The Progressives)

Those of the Progressive period advocated for what

larger role for government and greater democracy

what did the four constitutional amendments passed during this era do

1. graduated income tax that first effected the wealthy

2. direct election of senators to reform congress

3. right to vote for women

4. prohibition of alcohol

what continued to alarm middle class Americans

1. power of big business

2. increasing gap between rich and poor

3. violent conflict between labor and capital

4. dominance of corrupt political machines in cities

what alarmed African Americans the most

Jim crow laws in the South

The progressive movement built on the work of (blank) reformers and (blank) activists of the Gilded Age

1. populist

2. Union

Which president marked the beginning of the Progressive Era

Theodore Roosevelt

what brought the Progressive era to an end

world war 1

was the progressive movement diverse?

yes, it included African Americans, women, unionists and protestant church leaders

what were some basic beliefs of the populists

1. society needed to limit power of big business, improve democracy and strengthen social justice

2. government was the proper agency to enact these changes

3. moderate reforms were better than radical ones

from whom did the Progressives get most of their support

middle class men and women who lived in cities

what did protestant churches preach

they preached against vice and taught a code of social responsibility, which emphasized caring for the less fortunate and promoting honesty

Social Gospel

aimed to apply Christian ethics to social problems

Older Stock

from families of older elites that their central role in society had been replaced by wealthy industrialists and urban political machines

name some political leaders who had shown vigorous leadership during the time in order to aid in reform

1. Theodore Roosevelt

2. Robert La Follette

   (republican party)

3. William Jennings Bryan

4. Woodrow Wilson

   (democrat)

pragmatism (William James and John Dewey)

argued that the “truth” should be able to pass the public test of observable results in an open, democratic society (test ideas and laws until they find what promotes a democratic society)

Frederick W Taylor

founder of scientific management or Taylorism, which discovered ways of organizing people in the most efficient manner

Muckrakers

investigative journalists that created in-depth articles about child labor, corrupt political bosses, and monopolistic business practices

Henry Demarest Lloyd

Muckraker who wrote, Wealth against the Commonwealth, exposing the corruption and greed of standard oil company.

Upton Sinclair

wrote, The Jungle, that portrayed the difficult life for immigrants and the horrendously unsanitary conditions of the meat packing industry.

how did progressives envision “efficient government”

some looked to professional and technical experts, while others looked to the common people

Australian or Secret Ballot

in order to decrease manipulation and intimidation, voters were required to mark their ballots within a private booth

Direct Primary

introduced by Robert La Follette, placed the nominating process directly in the hand of the voters

17th amendment

required that all US senators be elected by popular vote

initiative

method by which voters could compel legislature to consider bill

referendum

allowed citizens to vote on proposed laws on their ballot

recall

enabled voters to remove a corrupt or unsatisfactory politician via majority vote

Ohioan Republican Mayor Samuel M. Jones

introduced comprehensive program of municipal reform, including public playgrounds, night schools, and free kindergartens

commission plan of government

voters elected heads of city departments

Jane Addams

leader in social justice movement who founded the settlement house, Hull House

(also advocated for better schools. safety regulations for factories, liberalized divorce laws and the system of parole)

National Consumers League

organized to protect women from long working hours

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

Took lives of 146 people, mostly women, when am NYC high-rise garment factory caught fire

Did Theodore Roosevelt favor business or labor

neither, instead he insisted on a “square deal” for both

How did Theodore Roosevelt mediate the labor dispute between workers and Coal mine owners

he had a union leader and the mine owners come to the white house ang agree on a compromise: 9 hour work day and 10 percent wage increase

What act did Theodore Roosevelt enforce that had been ignored in the past

The Sherman Antitrust Act

Did Theodore Roosevelt shut down all trusts

no, he distinguished from the good and the bad, he shut down bad trusts that hurt the public and destroyed competition, but regulated good trusts which dominated via low prices and efficiency

Elkins Act

Gave Interstate Commerce Commission right to stop railroads from granting rebates to favored customers

Hepburn Act

ICC could fix “just and reasonable” rates for railroads

Food and Drug Act

forbade manufacture, sale and transportation of adulterated or mislabeled foods or drugs

Meat inspection Act

ensured inspection of meat production to maintain a minimum level of sanitation