Glycolysis

Facts about glycolysis 

1. Occurs in the cytoplasm of cells

2. NOT need oxygen 

Stages of Glycolysis

• phosphorylation of hexose molecules 

• breakdown into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate 

• Oxidation to 3-phosphoglycerate and formation of reduced coenzyme

• Formation of pyruvate 

Phosphorylation of Hexose Molecules

1. Glucose is phosphorylated into glucose 6-phosphate

2. Glucose 6 Phosphate undergoes isomerization into fructose 6-phosphate

3. Fructose 6-phosphate is phosphorylated into fructose 1-6bisphosphate - this requires the enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK) along with ATP

Why is glucose phosphorylated

• makes it more reactive for glycolysis

• prevents movement out of the cell

Breakdown into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate 

• fructose 1,6 bisphosphate is cleaved into two glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

Oxidation to 3-phosphoglycerate and formation of reduced coenzyme

• glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is oxidized into 3-phosphoglycerate

• during the reactions NAD+ take up the electron and become NADH + h+ 

Formation of Pyruvate

1. 3-phosphoglycerate are converted in two pyruvate molecules

2. 2 ATP mol