Chapter 1 - Correctional Processes Intro: Exam #1

Corrections

The range of community and institutional sanctions, treatment programs, and services for managing criminal offenses

What are the 4 different ways of doing corrections?

Prison/jails, supervision/monitoring of the community, residential/transitional service, and non-residential treatment providers

What is the mission of corrections?

Protection of society through surveillance and control, treatment and rehabilitation, and incarceration

What are the three parts that the criminal justice system overlaps?

Police, Courts, and Corrections

Correctional Funnel

Difference between reports and actual crimes (Most minor crimes go unreported)

What is the diagram of the correctional funnel?

Crimes committed → Crimes convicted → Crimes incarcerated

What are some jobs in corrections?

Corrections officer, parole officer, probation officer, warden, nurse, teacher, food service, religious, psych, records, I.T, etc.

Cesare Beccaria

Founder of the Classical/Father of crime + punishment

Cesare Beccaria shaped ______ thinking about crime and corrections

Contemporary

What did Cesare Beccaria suggest that the purpose of punishment was?

The prevention of crime

What did Cesare Beccaria emphasize?

Free Will and Hedonism

Cesare Combroso

Founder of the Positivist School

Cesare Combroso believed that people sometimes acts ______ ____ ______

Beyond their control

Who believed that criminals were born, and criminal behavior is predetermined?

Cesare Combroso

Where did Cesare Combroso work?

In an insane asylum

Who coined the term criminology?

Cesare Combroso

Who create the theory of Atavism?

Cesare Combroso

Theory of Atavism

There is a link between physical traits and community

What are the physical traits of criminals according to Cesare Combroso?

Mentally deficient, long arms, excess body hair, prominent cheekbones, and large foreheads

Jeremy Beutham

The Hedonistic Calculus

Who suggested that punishment should outweigh the pleasure criminals get from committing their crime?

Jeremy Beutham

Gabriel Tarde

Neoclassical School

Who created free will, mitigating circumstances, and aggravating circumstances?

Gabriel Tarde

What did Gabriel Tarde believe people are influenced by?

Age, gender, social, economic, and environment

What did Gabriel Tarde study?

How offenders go back to the crime scene and how to inject self into an investigation

What are some forms of cruel and unusual punishment seen as the early responses to crime?

Banishing, transportation, deportation, whipping posts, stocks and pillories, torture, stretching, hanging, branding, burning, skinning, jails (gaols) with deplorable conditions like paying money to be in jail

Where was the first U.S. penitentiary developed?

A wing of the Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia, PA which became known as the Walnut Street Prison

Who established the first U.S. penitentiary?

Dr. Benjamin Rush and the Philadelphia Society

What was the Walnut Street Prison like?

Total isolation, no communication, prisoners required to wear masks, given work in their cells, and encouraged to read the Bible and do penance

When was the western penitentiary opened?

1826

What did the western penitentiary use as a model?

Walnut Street Prison

What were the cells like in the western penitentiary?

Octagon, small, and dark

What was the western penitentiary like?

Solitary confinement and no labor

What was the lifetime of the eastern penitentiary?

1829-1871

What penitentiary influenced the eastern penitentiary?

The mistakes of the western penitentiary

What system was followed in the eastern and western penitentiary?

Separate but silent

Which penitentiary housed Al Capone?

Eastern Penitentiary

Which penitentiary housed the legend of pep (the dog that killed the governor’s wife’s cat)?

Eastern Penitentiary

Where and when did the Auburn System originate?

Auburn New York in 1817

What was the auburn system designed around?

The PA model

Which system modified the separate but silent system to the “congregate but silent” system?

Auburn System

Was the auburn system cheaper or more expensive to operate?

Cheaper

Which system produced more goods and had less occurrence of mental illness?

Auburn System

What are the five sentencing goals of corrections?

Punishment, deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation, and restitution

Punishment

The infliction or imposition of a penalty as retribution for an offense

Deterrence

The punishment will keep you from reoffend

What are the two types of deterrence?

General and specific

General Deterrence

Members of society will not commit crimes when they see the punishment of that crime

Specific Deterrence

How does the punishment impact the person who was punished

Incapacitation

Reducing the offender’s ability or capacity to commit further crimes

Rehabilitation

An attempt to return offenders to society to better able to avoid criminality and be less likely to commit crimes

Restitution

The concept that criminals repay victims for wrongdoing or compensate for monetary loss