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Corrections
The range of community and institutional sanctions, treatment programs, and services for managing criminal offenses
What are the 4 different ways of doing corrections?
Prison/jails, supervision/monitoring of the community, residential/transitional service, and non-residential treatment providers
What is the mission of corrections?
Protection of society through surveillance and control, treatment and rehabilitation, and incarceration
What are the three parts that the criminal justice system overlaps?
Police, Courts, and Corrections
Correctional Funnel
Difference between reports and actual crimes (Most minor crimes go unreported)
What is the diagram of the correctional funnel?
Crimes committed → Crimes convicted → Crimes incarcerated
What are some jobs in corrections?
Corrections officer, parole officer, probation officer, warden, nurse, teacher, food service, religious, psych, records, I.T, etc.
Cesare Beccaria
Founder of the Classical/Father of crime + punishment
Cesare Beccaria shaped ______ thinking about crime and corrections
Contemporary
What did Cesare Beccaria suggest that the purpose of punishment was?
The prevention of crime
What did Cesare Beccaria emphasize?
Free Will and Hedonism
Cesare Combroso
Founder of the Positivist School
Cesare Combroso believed that people sometimes acts ______ ____ ______
Beyond their control
Who believed that criminals were born, and criminal behavior is predetermined?
Cesare Combroso
Where did Cesare Combroso work?
In an insane asylum
Who coined the term criminology?
Cesare Combroso
Who create the theory of Atavism?
Cesare Combroso
Theory of Atavism
There is a link between physical traits and community
What are the physical traits of criminals according to Cesare Combroso?
Mentally deficient, long arms, excess body hair, prominent cheekbones, and large foreheads
Jeremy Beutham
The Hedonistic Calculus
Who suggested that punishment should outweigh the pleasure criminals get from committing their crime?
Jeremy Beutham
Gabriel Tarde
Neoclassical School
Who created free will, mitigating circumstances, and aggravating circumstances?
Gabriel Tarde
What did Gabriel Tarde believe people are influenced by?
Age, gender, social, economic, and environment
What did Gabriel Tarde study?
How offenders go back to the crime scene and how to inject self into an investigation
What are some forms of cruel and unusual punishment seen as the early responses to crime?
Banishing, transportation, deportation, whipping posts, stocks and pillories, torture, stretching, hanging, branding, burning, skinning, jails (gaols) with deplorable conditions like paying money to be in jail
Where was the first U.S. penitentiary developed?
A wing of the Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia, PA which became known as the Walnut Street Prison
Who established the first U.S. penitentiary?
Dr. Benjamin Rush and the Philadelphia Society
What was the Walnut Street Prison like?
Total isolation, no communication, prisoners required to wear masks, given work in their cells, and encouraged to read the Bible and do penance
When was the western penitentiary opened?
1826
What did the western penitentiary use as a model?
Walnut Street Prison
What were the cells like in the western penitentiary?
Octagon, small, and dark
What was the western penitentiary like?
Solitary confinement and no labor
What was the lifetime of the eastern penitentiary?
1829-1871
What penitentiary influenced the eastern penitentiary?
The mistakes of the western penitentiary
What system was followed in the eastern and western penitentiary?
Separate but silent
Which penitentiary housed Al Capone?
Eastern Penitentiary
Which penitentiary housed the legend of pep (the dog that killed the governor’s wife’s cat)?
Eastern Penitentiary
Where and when did the Auburn System originate?
Auburn New York in 1817
What was the auburn system designed around?
The PA model
Which system modified the separate but silent system to the “congregate but silent” system?
Auburn System
Was the auburn system cheaper or more expensive to operate?
Cheaper
Which system produced more goods and had less occurrence of mental illness?
Auburn System
What are the five sentencing goals of corrections?
Punishment, deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation, and restitution
Punishment
The infliction or imposition of a penalty as retribution for an offense
Deterrence
The punishment will keep you from reoffend
What are the two types of deterrence?
General and specific
General Deterrence
Members of society will not commit crimes when they see the punishment of that crime
Specific Deterrence
How does the punishment impact the person who was punished
Incapacitation
Reducing the offender’s ability or capacity to commit further crimes
Rehabilitation
An attempt to return offenders to society to better able to avoid criminality and be less likely to commit crimes
Restitution
The concept that criminals repay victims for wrongdoing or compensate for monetary loss
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Flashcard (23)