Immunology & Serology - Laboratory - Qualitative Detection of Dengue NS1 Antigen & IgG/IgM Antibody - Incomplete

Antigen

Ag meaning

Antibody

Ab meaning

Dengue virus

DENV meaning

Non-structural protein 1

NS1 meaning

Immunoglobulin gamma

IgG meaning

Immunoglobulin mu

IgM meaning

Capsid

C meaning

Membrane

M meaning

Envelope

E meaning

Untranslated region

UTR meaning

Dengue fever

DF meaning

Dengue hemorrhagic fever

DHF meaning

Dengue shock syndrome

DSS meaning

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase/RNA replicase

RdRP meaning

Polymerase chain reaction

PCR menaing

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

ELISA meaning

Nanoparticles

NPs meaning

Lateral flow immunochromatographic assay

Principle of the test for the simultaneous qualitative detection and differentiation of Anti-dengue virus IgG & IgM and Dengue virus NS1 antigen (DENV 1, 2, 3, 4)

Serum, plasma, whole blood

Acceptable specimens for test kit

Test cassette

What do you call the testing device?

Arthropod-borne virus

What kind of virus is the dengue virus?

Arbovirus

Other name for Arthropod-borne virus

Yes

Yes or No

DENV is enveloped

No

Yes or No

DENV is non-enveloped

No

Yes or No

DENV is multiple-stranded

Yes

Yes or No

DENV is single-stranded

Yes

Yes or No

DENV is a Positive-sense RNA virus with a 5′ cap but lacks a 3′ poly-A tail

Yes

Yes or No

DENV is spherical with icosahedral symmetry

50 mm

DENV diameter

DENV 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

DENV serotypes

DENV 1, 2, 3, 4

DENV serotypes found in human serum, plasma, or whole blood

DENV 5

DENV serotype found in animals

DENV 5

Sylvatic DENV serotype

Colloidal gold nanoparticles

Reporter molecule attached to antibody

Colloidal gold nanoparticles

Most commonly used conjugate

Serum

What specimen is used for antibody detection?

Whole blood in EDTA

What specimen is used for antigen detection? (NS1 detection)

Sample pad

What pad in the test cassette can the sample port be found?

Nitrocellulose membrane

What pad in the test cassette can the test region be found?

Absorbent pad

What pad in the test cassette absorbs the excess sample?

Flaviridae

DENV Family

Stegomyia

DENV Subfamily

Flavivirus

DENV Genus

Positive-sense RNA virus

What characteristic of DENV means that it can be directly translated into a protein or messenger RNA?

Icosahedral symmetry

What characteristic of DENV means that it has 20 faces?

What characteristic of DENV means that it can be directly translated into a protein or messenger RNA?

3

Amount of structural proteins in DENV

7

Amount of non-structural proteins in DENV

Capsid, Envelope, Membrane

What are the structural proteins of DENV?

NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5

What are the non-structural proteins of DENV?

Active infection

What does it mean if the patient is positive for NS1 antigen?

Primary dengue infection

What does it mean if the patient is positive for Anti-dengue virus IGM?

Secondary dengue infection

What does it mean if the patient is positive for Anti-dengue virus IgG?

Blood transfusion

How is DENV transmitted human-to-human?

Dengue hemorrhagic fever

What dengue condition does the patient manifest melena?

Dengue shock syndrome

What dengue condition indicates that the patient is bound to die?

Secondary dengue infection

What dengue infection is more dangerous? Primary or Secondary?

Attachment

What phase of the DENV life cycle does it begin by attaching to specific receptors on the surface of a host cell?

Envelope protein

What is the DENV virion?

Open Reading Frame

ORF meaning

Open Reading Frame

It is part of the genome translated into a polyprotein or protein

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Where does polyprotein processing of the open reading frame of the DENV happen?

DC SIGN, Heparan Sulfate, Fc Gamma Receptor

What are the host cell receptors of DENV?

Mononuclear phagocytic system

Primary target cell system of DENV

Dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages, also B cells

Primary target cells of DENV

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

What is the process where DENV enters the cell?

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

The DENV cell membrane folds inward, creating a small pouch called an endosome that contains the virion.

Acidification of the environment

During the fusion of the DENV, what happens if there is a positive change in pH inside its endosome?

Fusion

What phase of the DENV life cycle where a positive change in the pH inside the endosome causes the acidification of the environment, triggering a conformational shift in the viral proteins causing the viral E to fuse with the endosomal membrane, causing the nucleocapsid to be released into the cytoplasm?

Uncoating

What phase of the DENV life cycle has the nucleocapsid uncoated to release the viral genome (positive-sense) and can act as an mRNA?

Translation and Polyprotein cleavage

What phase of the DENV life cycle have the viral and cellular proteases translate the viral genome into a long polyprotein chain, which is cut into small individual proteins (3 structural, 7 non-structural proteins)?

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Where does DENV translation and polyprotein cleavage occur?

Replication

What phase of the DENV life cycle do NS proteins (especially RdRp) replicate the viral RNA, by creating a replication complex that uses the positive-sense RNA into a negative-sense RNA strand?

Negative-sense RNA strand

What RNA strand serves as the template to create new copies of the original positive-sense RNA?

Assembly

What phase of the DENV life cycle do structural proteins package the newly synthesized RNA genomes to form the new viral particles (virions)?

Endoplasmic reticulum

Where does DENV assembly phase occur?

Maturation

What phase of the DENV life cycle are the newly formed viral particles still immature and need to travel to the golgi apparatus to mature (infectious)?

Golgi apparatus

What organelle do newly formed, immature DENV particles need to travel to in order to mature?

Release

What phase of the DENV life cycle does the mature virion exit the cell through exocytosis?

Exocytosis

How do mature virions exit cells?

Aedes aegypti

Most significant epidemic vector of DENV in tropical and subtropical areas

Yellow fever mosquito

Aedes aegypti common name

Aedes aegypti

Primary carrier of DENV

Aedes aegypti

DENV carrier that is an African mosquito

Yellow fever, Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika virus

Diseases caused by Aedes aegypti

Brown

Aedes aegypti color

Asian tiger mosquito, Forest mosquito

Other names for Aedes albopictus

Albopictus

What word in Aedes albopictus means "painted white"?

Aedes albopictus

DENV carrier common in Southeast asia

Encephalitis, Dengue, Yellow fever, Dog heartworm

Diseases caused by Aedes albopictus

Black

Aedes albopictus color

Aedes albopictus

DENV carrier whose behavior is diurnal and twilight

Twilight

Hour of maximum activity for Aedes albopictus

Aedes aegypti

Identify mosquito

Shape of the thorax lines:

Four lines of white scales in the shape of a lyre on the dorsal side of the thorax, two of them are bold and the two others are thin.

Aedes albopictus

Identify mosquito

Scales of the Abdomen:

Has one similar scale but thinner, with triangular spots on the laterals.

Aedes aegypti

Identify mosquito

Scales of the Abdomen:

Has one perpendicular white scale in every single segment of the abdomen, ending with a white spot on the lateral sides.

Aedes albopictus

Identify mosquito

Scales of the Abdomen:

One single white scale on the top of the thorax, drawing a straight line covering its head

2.5 billion

Amount of people at risk of dengue infection

100 million

Amount of dengue fever cases

250,000

Amount of dengue hemorrhagic fever cases