cranial nerves and special senses

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
full-widthCall Kai
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
GameKnowt Play
Card Sorting

1/38

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

39 Terms

1
New cards

cranial nerves

  1. olfactory

  2. optic

  3. oculomotor

  4. trochlear

  5. trigeminal

  6. abducens

  7. facial

  8. vestibulocochlear

  9. glossopharyngeal

  10. vagus

  11. spinal accessory

  12. hypoglossal

<ol><li><p>olfactory</p></li><li><p>optic</p></li><li><p>oculomotor</p></li><li><p>trochlear</p></li><li><p>trigeminal</p></li><li><p>abducens</p></li><li><p>facial</p></li><li><p>vestibulocochlear</p></li><li><p>glossopharyngeal</p></li><li><p>vagus</p></li><li><p>spinal accessory</p></li><li><p>hypoglossal</p></li></ol><p></p>
2
New cards

  1. olfactory nerve

  • special sensory: smell

  • small nerves in nasal cavity roof

  • pass through cribriform plate of ethmoid

<ul><li><p>special sensory: smell</p></li><li><p>small nerves in nasal cavity roof</p></li><li><p>pass through cribriform plate of ethmoid</p></li></ul><p></p>
3
New cards

odorants

CN 1:

scent molecules that bind to olfactory nerves in two ways:

  1. nostrils during breathing

  2. oropharynx during chewing

<p>CN 1:</p><p>scent molecules that bind to olfactory nerves in two ways:</p><ol><li><p>nostrils during breathing</p></li><li><p>oropharynx during chewing</p></li></ol><p></p>
4
New cards

olfaction

CN 1:

—> many areas of the brain

  • affects memory, emotion, behavior, salivation, taste, etc.

5
New cards

  1. optic nerve

vision

  • formed by axons of the ganglionic cells in the retina of the eye

<p>vision</p><ul><li><p>formed by axons of the ganglionic cells in the retina of the eye</p></li></ul><p></p>
6
New cards

sclera

white outer layer of eye

  • dense CT

<p>white outer layer of eye</p><ul><li><p>dense CT</p></li></ul><p></p>
7
New cards

iris

  • pigmented ring of smooth muscle

  • pigment = melanin

<ul><li><p>pigmented ring of smooth muscle</p></li><li><p>pigment = melanin</p></li></ul><p></p>
8
New cards

pupil

  • central hole in iris

  • allows light into eye

<ul><li><p>central hole in iris</p></li><li><p>allows light into eye</p></li></ul><p></p>
9
New cards

conjunctiva

  • membrane protecting eye and inner eyelid

  • present but not visible

10
New cards

eyelids

  • dense connective tissue core

  • skin on external surfaces

  • conjunctiva on inner surface

  • protect and spread tears

<ul><li><p>dense connective tissue core</p></li><li><p>skin on external surfaces</p></li><li><p>conjunctiva on inner surface</p></li><li><p>protect and spread tears</p></li></ul><p></p>
11
New cards

fibrous tunic

  • sclera

  • cornea

  • lens

<ul><li><p>sclera</p></li><li><p>cornea</p></li><li><p>lens</p></li></ul><p></p>
12
New cards

vascular tunic

  • major blood supply to/from eye

<ul><li><p>major blood supply to/from eye</p></li></ul><p></p>
13
New cards

nervous tunic

  • sensory and autonomics

  • retinal cells

<ul><li><p>sensory and autonomics</p></li><li><p>retinal cells</p></li></ul><p></p>
14
New cards

cornea

dome shaped protective outer layer

15
New cards

aqueous humor

watery fluid between cornea and lens

16
New cards

lens

curved, transparent structure that directs light towards retina

17
New cards

vitreous humor

gel-like, fills most of the eye

18
New cards

essentials of optic pathway

  • light passes through pupil, lens, humors, and strikes retina

  • optic nerve sends impulses to thalamus, brodman. areas 17.18,19, and other regions of the brain

<ul><li><p>light passes through pupil, lens, humors, and strikes retina</p></li><li><p>optic nerve sends impulses to thalamus, brodman. areas 17.18,19, and other regions of the brain</p></li></ul><p></p>
19
New cards

  1. oculomotor nerve

  2. trochlear nerve

  1. abducens nerve

  • control skeletal muscles that move the eyeball as a group

<ul><li><p>control skeletal muscles that move the eyeball&nbsp;as a group</p></li></ul><p></p>
20
New cards

  1. oculomotor nerve

also supplies autonomic impulses that constrict pupil and change the shape of lens

<p>also supplies autonomic impulses that constrict pupil and change the shape of lens</p>
21
New cards

viewing distant objects

lens under tension (smooth muscle)

flatter lens → see farther away

<p>lens under tension (smooth muscle)</p><p>flatter lens → see farther away</p>
22
New cards

accommodation reflex

  • relaxation of lens

    • now more curved

  • see closer objects in focus 

<ul><li><p>relaxation of lens</p><ul><li><p>now more curved</p></li></ul></li><li><p>see closer objects in focus&nbsp;</p></li></ul><p></p>
23
New cards

  1. trigeminal nerve

sensation for the bones & skin of the face, teeth & cavities of the head

also innervates the muscles of mastication

collects sensory information

<p>sensation for the bones &amp; skin of the face, teeth &amp; cavities of the head</p><p>also innervates the muscles of mastication</p><p>collects sensory information</p>
24
New cards

  1. facial nerve

  • motor to muscles of facial expression

  • taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue

<ul><li><p>motor to muscles of facial expression</p></li><li><p>taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue</p></li></ul><p></p>
25
New cards

facial nerve parasympathetics

lacrimal glands (tears)

salivary glands (not the parotid)

<p>lacrimal glands (tears)</p><p>salivary glands (not the parotid)</p>
26
New cards

  1. vestibulocochlear nerve

two nerves — vestibular and cochlear nerves (balance + hearing)

27
New cards

outer ear

the vibrations pass through the ______ ___ first via the ear canal and they strike the tympanic membrane (eardrum)

<p>the vibrations pass through the ______ ___ first via the ear canal and they strike the tympanic membrane (eardrum)</p>
28
New cards

middle ear

vibrations are carried through 3 tiny ossicles in the ______ ___
ossicles: malleus, incus, stapes

<p>vibrations are carried through 3 tiny ossicles in the ______ ___<br>ossicles: malleus, incus, stapes</p>
29
New cards

cochlea

snail shell shaped spiral filled with fluid called endolymph

vibration of fluid causes cilia (hair cells) to bend and create an action potential

<p>snail shell shaped spiral filled with fluid called endolymph</p><p>vibration of fluid causes cilia (hair cells) to bend and create an action potential</p>
30
New cards

impulse

the _______ from the cochlea travels along the cochlear nerve to the pons

31
New cards

vestibular system

balance and proprioception

3 horseshoe-shaped semicircular canals, each one oriented differently

canals filled with endolymph like the cochlea

<p>balance and proprioception</p><p>3 horseshoe-shaped semicircular canals, each one oriented differently</p><p>canals filled with endolymph like the cochlea</p>
32
New cards

dynamic equilibrium

sensing angular movement and velocity

  1. head moves

  2. endolymph flows

  3. hair cells bend

  4. action potential generated along vestibular nerve

33
New cards

utricle and saccule

  • bulging chambers in vestibule contain fluid & hair cells with suspended crystals - otoliths

  • motion causes crystals to move the hair cells, creating an electrical impulse

  • important for static equilibrium: activated in acceleration

    • ex: car, elevator

<ul><li><p>bulging chambers in vestibule contain fluid &amp; hair cells with suspended crystals - otoliths</p></li><li><p>motion causes crystals to move the hair cells, creating an electrical impulse</p></li><li><p>important for static equilibrium: activated in acceleration</p><ul><li><p>ex: car, elevator</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
34
New cards

  1. glossopharyngeal nerve

autonomics to parotid gland (salvation), taste/touch posterior 1/3 of tongue

<p>autonomics to parotid gland (salvation), taste/touch posterior 1/3 of tongue</p>
35
New cards

3 sensory inputs

mechanoreceptors, nociceptors, and chemoreceptors of oral cavity acquire taste — texture, spice, heat

36
New cards

taste buds

  • onion shaped cells on tongue, soft palate, and epiglottis

  • tastants (molecules from food/drink) bind to receptors in _____ ___

  • buds generate action potentials that ride along

    • facial (7)

    • glossopharyngeal (9)

    • vagus (10)

37
New cards

  1. vagus nerve

somatic motor/sensory to epithelium and muscles of pharynx and larynx

parasympathetics to heart and airway

autonomics control of smooth muscle and gland secretion in digestive system

38
New cards

  1. spinal accessory nerve

motor to 2 muscles:

  • sternocleidomastoid

  • trapezius

<p>motor to 2 muscles:</p><ul><li><p>sternocleidomastoid</p></li><li><p>trapezius</p></li></ul><p></p>
39
New cards

  1. hypoglosseal nerve

muscles of the tongue

<p>muscles of the tongue</p>