Bio136- Cell cycle

S-phase

Happens after G1 and before G2, the cell begins to turn the 46 unreplicated chromosomes into 46 replicated chromosomes

G1- phase

•  between mitosis and s-phase, all the chromosomes are unreplicated.

• this happens are mitosis, the cell is resting and begins to grow

G2-phase

• Right after s-phase, the cell begins to prepare for mitosis. So the cell begins to build itself up to

• The cell starts to stock up on ATP and organelles during G2 phase to prepare for mitosis

Interphase

• happens before mitosis begins, the replicated chromosomes are loosely packed

• the centrosome has been duplicated but not separated yet

Prophase

• the chromosomes become more tightly coiled

• the nuclear envelope begins to disappear

• as the centrosomes separate, the spindle begins to form

prometaphase

• the microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes, each chromosome has two of them

metaphase

• the spindle moves the replicated chromosome to the equator of the cell, the “metaphase plate”

anaphase

• the centromere split as the sister chromatids are pulled apart from the each other

• the centrosomes pull the newly split chromatids towards eachother

telophase

• both centrosomes have a full set of unreplicated chromosomes

• the spindle begins to disassemble

• the nuclear envelope and the nuclei begin to form

cytokinesis

• now that the two sets of unreplicated chromosomes are separated, the cytoplasm of the cell begins to be cut off

• In animals, the contractile ring splits the cel into two daughter cells