Abdomen

Abdominal wall

what compresses and supports the abdominal viscera

intra-abdominal pressure

when contracted, the interior abdominal wall increases …

right hypochondrium

1

epigastric

2

left hypochondrium

3

right flank

4

umbilical

5

left flank

6

right inguinal

7

pubic

8

left inguinal

9

5-12 ribs

Linea alba, Pubic tubercle, Iliac crest

External Oblique

origin:

insertion:

Flexion of trunk

Unilateral → contralateral rotation

External Oblique

action:

Thoracolumbar fascia, lllac crest, Inguinal ligament

10-12 ribs, Linea alba, Superior ramus of pubis

Internal Oblique

origin:

insertion:

Flexion of trunk

Unilateral → ipsilateral rotation

Internal Oblique

action:

7-12th costal cartilages, Thoracolumbar fascia, Iliac crest, Inguinal ligament

Linea alba, Aponeurosis of internal oblique, Pubic crest/superior ramus

Transverse Abdominis

origin:

insertion:

transverse abdominus

what muscles compresses the abdominal cavity

Pubic symphysis, Pubic crest

Xiphoid process, 5-7 costal cartilages

Rectus Abdominis

origin:

insertion:

Flexion of trunk

Posterior pelvic tilt

Rectus Abdominis

action:

external oblique

internal oblique

transverse abdominus

rectus abdominus

abdominal muscles superficial —> deep

External oblique

Internal oblique

Transversus abdominus

what 3 muscles does the rectus sheath include?

rectus abdominus

tendinous intersections cross what muscle

tendinous intersections

what makes the “6 pack” appearance

psoas major

psoas minor

what 2 muscles in the posterior abdominal wall cause trunk flexion

quadratus lumborum

what muscle in the posterior abdominal wall cause ipsilateral lateral flexion

internal oblique

what abdominal muscle causes ipsilateral rotation

external rotation

what abdominal muscles causes contralateral rotation

parietal peritoneum

_____ is deep to the transverse abdominis & lines the abdominal cavity walls

visceral peritoneum

____ lines the abdominal organs and helps anchor to body wall

kidney’s

retroperitoneal means….

retroperitoneal

organs posterior to peritoneum

mesentary

double layer of peritoneum

intestines

vasculature

the mesentary suspends and supports the ____, and provides pathways for _____

omentums are avascular

what makes omentums different from the mesentary

connective tissue

omentums are forms of ____ that help keep everything in place

Lesser curvature of the stomach

the lesser omentum connects the liver to the _____

intestines

the greater omentum hangs from the greater curvature of the stomach and covers…

sphincters

part of the stomach where food enters and leaves

lower esophageal

pyloric

what are the 2 sphincters that allow for food to enter and leave the stomach

pyloric

what are the C rings on this diagram

Lower esophageal

1

Cardial notch

3

fundus

4

body

5

body

what is the vast majority of the stomach?

churring

The longitudinal, circular, and oblique muscular layers of the stomach allow for….

Protect the inner lining because of how acidic it can get

why does the stomach secrete mucus?

duodenum

jejunum

ileum

the pathway of the small intestine

duodenum

this part of the small intestine receives bile and pancreas secretions

jejunum

this part of the small intestine absorbs CHO, amino acids, and fatty acids

upper left

what quadrant of the stomach is the jejunum located

2 lower

what quadrant of the stomach is the ileum located

ileum

this part of the small intestine involves B12 and other nutrients

cecum

Ascending

Transverse

Descending

Sigmoid

what is the pathway of the large intestine (5)

haustra

what are the bunched up sections of the large intestine called

spleen

posterior to the stomach in the left hypochondriac region

immune system

the spleen is a blood filter and aids in ___ function

the stomach

what does the visceral surface of the spleen touch?

pancreas

this organ is right of the spleen and is located in the left upper quadrant

Exocrine

duodenum

Pancreas (digestion aid)

• ____ function

• Enzymes into _____

• Pancreatic duct

glucagon

insulin

what does the pancreas secrete?

pancreas

this organs main function is endocrine function

glucagon

if you have not ate all day, the pancreas will secrete…

Insulin

if you ate something (big breakfast), the pancreas will secrete…

liver

gallbladder

the ___ produces bile

the ____ stores and releases bile to the duodenum

upper right quadrant

what quadrant is the liver mostly found in?

liver

hepatic =

liver

what organ has a role in cellular metabolism?

quadrant and gallbladder

between what two lobes does the gallbladder sit between in the liver

duodenum

cystic duct

the gallbladder secretes bile into the ____ through the ____

left lobe

1

caudate lobe

2

right lobe

3

quadrate lobe

4

floating ribs

the kidneys are anterior to ____

renal pyramids

where is urine made in the kidneys?

stomach

liver

spleen

the left gastric artery, hepatic artery, and splenic artery all innervate which 3 organs

celiac trunk

1

left gastric artery

2

common hepatic artery

3

right renal artery

4

right common iliac artery

5

left renal artery

6

superior mesenteric artery

7

inferior mesenteric artery

8

inferior vena cava

right and left common iliac vein

hepatic portal system

major veins inferior to the heart

___ —> ___ —> ____

liver

inferior vena cava

the hepatic portal vein takes blood to the ___, and then to the ____

stomach, intestines, and gallbladder

the hepatic portal vein gathers blood from the what 3 areas

phrenic nerve (C3-C5)

what nerve innervates the diaphragm, mediastinal pleura, and pericardium

vagus (parasympathetic)

What nerve innervates the auricular, cardiac, laryngeal, pharyngeal, pulmonary, esophageal, and vagal trunks

hepatic

celiac

gastric

3 parts the vagal trunk includes

AIIS

the true pelvis is below the..

Obturator Membrane

Greater Trochanter

Obturator Internus

origin:

insertion:

external rotation

ABD of flexed hip

Obturator Internus

action:

Sacrum and Sacrotuberous Ligament

Greater Trochanter

Piriformis

origin:

insertion:

external rotation

ABD of flexed hip

Piriformis

action:

Ischial spine

Sacrum and Coccyx

Coccygeus (ischiococcygeus)

origin:

insertion:

Flex Coccyx & supports pelvic viscera

Coccygeus (ischiococcygeus)

action:

Body of pubis, obturator fascia, ischial spine

Perineal body, Соссух, prostate/vagina, rectum, anal canal

Levator Ani

origin:

insertion:

Support Pelvic Viscera and resists increases in intra-abdominal pressure

Levator Ani

action: