Physical Science Exam: definitions and Formulas

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45 Terms

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motion
An object's change in position relative to a reference point.
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frame of reference
a system for specifying the precise location of objects in space and time
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distance
measures the path taken
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displacement
the change of an object's position
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speed
the distance traveled divided by the time interval during which the motion occurred
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velocity
the speed of an object in a particular direction
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constant speed
equal distances in equal amounts of time
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instantaneous speed
the speed at a given time
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acceleration
the rate at which velocity changes over time; an object accelerates if its speed, direction, or both change
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inertia
the tendency of an objects to resist a change in motion unless an outside force acts on the objcet
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weight
A measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object.
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mass
A measure of the amount of matter in an object
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free fall
the motion of a body when only the force of gravity is acting on the body.
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terminal velocity
the constant velocity of a falling object when the force of air resistance is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force of gravity.
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momentum
quantity defined as the product of the mass and velocity of an object.
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work
the transfer of energy to an object by using a force that causes the object to move in the direction of the force
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power
A quantity that measures the rate at which work is done or energy is transformed
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mechanical advantage
A quantity that expresses how much a machine multiplies force or distance.
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energy
the capacity to do work
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potential energy
the energy that an object has because of the position, shape, or condition of the object.
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kinetic energy
the energy of an object due to the object's motion
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mechanical energy
the amount of work an object can do because of the object's kinetic and potential energies
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efficiency
a quantity, usually expressed as a percentage, that measures the ratio of useful work output to work input
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absolute zero
The temperature at which molecular energy is at a minimum
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heat
The energy transferred between objects that are at different temperatures
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temperature
A measure of how hot (or cold) something is; specifically, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object.
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thermal conduction
the transfer of energy as heat through a material
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convection
The movement of matter due to differences in density that are caused by temperature variations
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convection current
any movement of matter that results from differences in density; may be vertical, circular, or cyclical
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radiation
the energy that is transferred as electromagnetic waves, such as visible light and infrared waves
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celcius to farenheit
F=1.8(C)+32
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farenheit to celcius
C = (F-32)/1.8
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Kelvin to Celsius
C = K - 273
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Velocity
distance/time
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distance formula
velocity x time
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time
distance/velocity
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acceleration formula
a=vf-vi/t
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force
mass x acceleration
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mass formula
force/acceleration
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work formula
force x distance
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force formula
work/distance
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Power formula
work/time
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kinetic energy formula
KE=1/2mv^2
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potential energy formula
mgh (mass x gravity x height)
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efficiency formula
Work output/work input x 100%