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Industrial-Organizational Psychology

Branch of psychology that applies psychological principles to the workplace to enhance human dignity and performance.

Industrial Psychology

Focuses on job competencies, staffing, and employee training.

Organizational Psychology

Concerned with organizational structure, culture, and employee motivation.

Personnel Psychology

Involves job analysis, recruitment, selection, training, and performance evaluation.

Human Factors/Ergonomics

Studies workplace design and human-machine interaction to improve safety and efficiency.

Historical Context

Emergence of I-O psychology coincided with the U.S. transition from agrarian to industrial society.

Industrialization

Technological advancements in the late 1700s to early 1900s that transformed production methods.

Adam Smith

Influential economist who attributed prosperity to the division of labor in "Wealth of Nations."

Henry Ford

Introduced the moving assembly line, significantly boosting productivity in manufacturing.

Immigration Waves

Massive influx of European immigrants to the U.S. to meet labor demands in factories.

Rise of Corporations

Emergence of large corporations to manage increased industrial operations efficiently.

Consumerism

Economic phenomenon characterized by increased purchasing behavior, often criticized for irrationality.

Walter Dill Scott

Early I-O psychologist known for his work on advertising psychology.

Hugo Munsterberg

Considered the father of industrial psychology, author of "Psychology and Industrial Efficiency."

Robert Mearns Yerkes

Contributed to psychological testing and assessment, notably during WWI.

Army Alpha and Beta Tests

Intelligence tests developed for U.S. military recruits during WWI.

Alfred Binet

Created the first mental ability test and introduced the concept of IQ.

James McKeen Cattell

Founded the Psychological Corporation to promote psychology's usefulness in industry.

Mary Parker Follett

Advocated for teamwork and people-oriented organizations in management.

Frederick Winslow Taylor

Developed scientific management principles to optimize job performance.

Kurt Zadek Lewin

Pioneered studies on leadership styles and participative management techniques.

Consumer Psychology

Study of the motivations behind consumer purchasing behavior.

Frank and Lilian Gilbreth

Pioneers in time and motion studies, improving work efficiency and productivity.

Elton Mayo

Conducted the Hawthorne Studies, highlighting the impact of social factors on employee performance.

Hawthorne Effect

Tendency of individuals to perform better when they feel singled out and important.