BIOSTATS CHAPTER 1

Bio

It means life

Statistics

Means science that deals with the collection, organization, summarization, presentation and analysis of data

Biostatistics

the branch of applied statistics that deals with the application statistical methods in health related fields, including public health, medicine and biology.

Mathematical Statistics

the study and development of statistical theory and methods in the abstract

Applied Statistics

the application of statistical methods to solve real problems involving randomly generated data and the development of new statistical methodology motivated by real problems

descriptive statistics

It aims at summarizing and presenting data in the form of which will make them easier to analyze and interpret

inferential statistics

It aims at drawing and making decision on the population based in evidence obtained from a sample

Inferential statistics

descriptive statistics

two branches of statistics

Nonparametric statistics

parametric statistics

Classification of statistics

parametric statistics

It is a statistical approach that assumes random sample from a normal distribution and involves testing hypothesis about the population mean

nonparametric statistics

It is a statistical approach with no underlying data distribution assumed and involves hypothesis testing about a population median

Measurement

the process of assigning numbers according to individual persons based on degree to which they possess a particular characteristics

Nominal scale

Observation can be named without particular order or ranking imposed on the data. Words, letters, and even numbers are used to classify the data.

nominal scale

Examples: cause of death, gender, blood type, nationality, occupation, civil status

ordinal scale

Describe ranking or order. The difference of ratio between two rankings may not always be the same.

ordinal scale

Examples: Competition placement, level of satisfaction, pain level, cancer stages.

interval scale

Indicates an actual amount (numerical). The order and the difference between the variables can be known. Its limitation is it has no "true zero"

interval scale

example. temperatures, credit score

ratio scale

It has the same properties as the interval level. The order and difference can be described. Additionally, it has a true zero and the ratio between two points has a meaning.

ratio scale

example. weight and age

variables

refer to characteristic of persons or objects which can take on different values or labels for different persons or objects under consideration.

biostatistician

An expert in the branch of statistics that deals with data relating to living organisms.

explanatory variable

response variable

two types of variable

response variable

A variable which is affected by the value of some other variable.

explanatory variable

A variable that is thought to affect the values of the response

Qualitative variable

Categories are simply used as labels to distinguish one group from another.

Qualitative variable

Variables has values that are intrinsically non-numeric

Quantitative variable

Categories can be measured and ordered according to quantity.

Quantitative variable

Variables are values that are intrinsically numeric