Neuro Exam 1 - UMN/LMN
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128 Terms
What is an upper motor neuron?
cell body within central nervous system
Where are pyramidal UMNs?
motor cortex/frontal lobe of cerebrum
Are pyramidal UMN in grey or white matter?
grey matter
Where are extrapyramidal UMNs?
motor nuclei of brainstem
Where are extrapyramidal UMN in the midbrain?
red nucleus
Where are extrapyramidal UMN in the pons and medulla?
reticular system
Where do UMN axons descend?
spinal cord funiculi
In what part of the spinal cord do UMN travel through?
lateral and ventral funiculus
Where will a lesion have to be to affect the neuronal cell body of the UMN?
cerebral cortex or brainsteam
Where will a lesion have to be to affect the axon of the UMN?
white matter or spinal cord
What is 1?
midbrain/mesencephalon
What is 2?
Pons/metencephalon
What is 3?
Medulla/myelencephalon
What is 4?
frontal lobe
What is 5?
Thalamus
Where is the cell body of the LMN?
central nervous system in spinal cord ventral gray matter
What do the the axons travel into peripheral nervous system as?
nerve
A lesion in what area will affect the neuronal cell body of the LMN?
ventral gray matter of the spine
A lesion in what area will affect the axon of the LMN?
periphery
What is the arrow pointing out?
ventral horn/ventral grey matter
What motor system is confined to the CNS?
upper motor neuron
What motor system initiates voluntary movement by increasing or decreasing the output of LMN they speak to?
Upper Motor Neuron
What are the two primary components of the upper motor nueron?
pyramidal and extrapyramidal
What part of the UMN is responsible for learned movements and advanced motor skills?
pyramidal
What part of the UMN is responsible for posture and locomotion?
Extrapyramidal
What is the most important part of the UMN in veterinary species?
extrapyramidal
What part of the descending upper motor tracts facilitate flexor muscle activity and inhibits extensor muscles?
lateral funiculus
What part of the descending upper motor tracts facilitate extensor muscle activity and inhibit flexor muscles?
ventral funiculus
What part of the descending upper motor tract is an exception to ventral encouraging extensors and discouraging flexors?
ventral corticospinal tract
What is 1?
lateral funiculus
What is 2?
ventral funiculus
What is 3?
dorsal funiculus
What are the three location of descending motor tracts of the extrapyramidal motor system?
midbrain, pons, medulla
What is posture dependent on?
extensor tone
What is locomotion dependent on?
coordination between extensors and flexors
What phase of locomotion occurs during extension?
support/protraction phase
What phase of locomotion occurs during flexion?
swing phase
What is 1?
brain stem
What is 2?
extrapyramidal UMN
Where are the extrapyramidal upper motor neurons location?
Brainstem?
What are the extrapyramidal tracts?
rubrospinal tract, pontine reticulospinal tract, medullary reticulospinal tract, and vestibulospinal tract
What is 1?
red nucleus
What is 2?
medullar reticular formation
What is 3?
pontine reticulospinal tract
What is 4?
pontine reticulospinal formation
What is 5?
rubrospinal tract
What is 6?
Medullar reticulospinal tract
What is the facilitator to flexor muscles and key motor tract for coluntary movment in dogs?
red nucleus
What is 1?
red nucleus
What is 2?
rubrospinal tract
What does the red nucleus descend into?
lateral funiculus
What tract is this?
rubrospinal
What tract is this?
Rubrospinal
Where is the reticular formation found?
pons and medulla
What does the pontine reticulospinal tract inhibit?
flexor muscles
What does the pontine reticulospinal tract faciliate?
extensor muslces
Where is the pontine reticolospinal tract found?
ipsilateral ventral funiculus
What is 1?
Medullary reticulospinal tract
What is 2?
pontine reticulospinal tract
What does the medullary reticulospinal tract inhibit?
extensor muscles
What does the medullary reticulospinal tract facilitate?
flexor muscles
Where is the medullary reticulospinal tract found?
ipsilateral lateral funiculus
What pathway is highlighted?
pontine reticulospinal
What tract is highlighted?
pontine reticulospinal
What tract is highlighted?
medullar reticulospinal
What tract is highlighted?
medullar reticulospinal
What tract is receiving constant excitatory input from the middle ear to vestibular nuclei thus having a constant output via the vestibulospinal tract?
vestibulospinal tract
What inhibits the vestibulospinal tract?
cerebellum
Where is the vestibulospinal tract found?
Ipsilateral ventral funiculus of spinal cord
T/F The vestibulospinal tract has an significant role in posture
TRUE
What muscles does the vestibulospinal tract facilitate?
extensor muscles
What tract is this?
vestibuloospinal
What tract is this?
vestibulospinal
What tracts are involved in flexor activity?
rubospinal and medullary reticulospinal
What tracts are involved in extensor activity?
pontine reticulospinal and vestibulospinal
Which funiculus houses the tracts facilitating extensor activity?
ventral funiculus
What tract is this?
rubrospinal tract
What tract is this?
pontine reticulospinal tract
What tract is this?
medullar reticulospinal tract
What tract is this?
vestibulospinal tract
What part of the brain is the highest center of motor activity?
cerebral cortex
What are the motor areas of the cerebral cortex?
postcurciate gyrus and rostral suprasylvian gyrus
Where are postcruciate gyrus found?
A and B frontal lobe
Where are rostral suprasylvian gyrus found?
C-F frontal lobe
What influences the cerebral cortex?
somatosensory cortex, auditory cortex, visual cortex, and memory centers
Where is the somatosensory cortex?
parietal lobe
Where is the auditory cortex?
temporal lobe
Where is the visual cortex?
occipital lobe
Where are the memory centers?
hippocampus and basal nuclei
Where are neuronal cell bodies found in the cerebrum?
In the grey matter on the outside
Where is the grey matter in the cerebrum?
outside
Where do axons travel in the cerebrum?
in white matter
What surrounds the thalamus?
internal capsule of the cerebrum
Where do axons travel in the cerebtrum?
conrona radiata and internal capsule
Where do axons travel in the midbrain?
crus cerebri
Where do axons travel in the pons?
longitudinal fibers
Where do axons travel in the medulla?
pyramids
What type of matter is the corona radiata and internal capsule?
white
What is 1?
Grey matter
What is 2?
White matter