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Continuous conversion of thermal energy
The process of converting thermal energy into work continuously, requiring energy transfer to the surroundings and a constant input of energy to maintain the cycle.
Degraded energy
Energy that is transferred to the surroundings during energy transformations, becoming less useful for performing work and transforming into disordered forms.
Sankey diagrams
Diagrams illustrating the flow of a system, showing energy input, wasted energy forms, and useful energy output to represent energy flow and efficiency.
Electrical power production mechanisms
Processes involving rotating coils in magnetic fields to generate electricity using generators, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy based on Faraday's law.
Energy density of a fuel
The amount of energy that can be obtained from a unit mass of fuel, measured in joules per kilogram (J kg-1).
World energy sources
Various sources including oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, hydroelectric, photovoltaic cells, biofuel, and geothermal for energy production.
Renewable vs
Renewable sources like solar and wind energy, dependent on solar energy indirectly, contrasted with non-renewable sources such as fossil fuels and nuclear fuels.
Fossil fuels advantages
Relatively cheap, high power output, versatile usage, and extensive distribution network.
Fossil fuels disadvantages
Finite supply, environmental pollution, contribution to greenhouse effect, high distribution costs, and environmental hazards from leakages.
Nuclear energy advantages
High power output, abundant fuel reserves, and no greenhouse gas emissions during power generation.
Nuclear energy disadvantages
Radioactive waste disposal challenges, public health risks, uranium mining issues, and potential for nuclear weapons production.