Unit 5: Psychological Disorders and Treatments – Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from Unit 5 notes on psychological disorders and treatments.

Psychological Disorder

A pattern of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that cause significant distress or impairment in functioning.

Deviance

Behavior that deviates from societal norms.

Distress

Behavior that causes personal distress.

Dysfunction

Behavior that impairs daily functioning.

Danger

Behavior that poses a risk to oneself or others.

DSM-5

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, used for diagnosing mental disorders.

Duration

Not a criterion for defining abnormal behavior (not one of the DSM-5 criteria: deviance, distress, dysfunction, danger).

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Persistent and excessive worry about various aspects of life.

Panic Disorder

Recurrent and unexpected panic attacks.

Phobias

Intense fear of specific objects or situations.

Social Anxiety Disorder

Fear of social situations due to potential embarrassment.

Agoraphobia

Fear of situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest in activities.

Bipolar Disorder

Mood swings that include depressive episodes and manic episodes.

Mania

Elevated mood, increased activity, and impulsive behavior.

Hypomania

A less severe form of mania.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

Chronic low mood lasting for at least two years.

Schizophrenia

A severe disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and impaired functioning.

Positive Symptoms

Presence of abnormal behaviors (e.g., hallucinations).

Negative Symptoms

Absence of normal behaviors (e.g., reduced emotional expression).

Cognitive Symptoms

Impaired attention, memory, and executive function.

Affective Flattening

Diminished emotional expression.

Hallucinations

Perceiving something that is not present.

Delusion

A false belief not grounded in reality (e.g., persecution).

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Cluster A disorder with distrust and suspicion of others.

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Cluster A disorder with detachment from social relationships.

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Cluster A disorder with discomfort in close relationships and eccentric behavior.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Disregard for others' rights.

Borderline Personality Disorder

Instability in relationships and self-image.

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Excessive emotionality and attention-seeking.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Grandiosity and need for admiration.

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Social inhibition and feelings of inadequacy.

Dependent Personality Disorder

Excessive need to be taken care of.

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

Preoccupation with orderliness and control.

Cluster A

Odd or eccentric personality disorders.

Cluster B

Dramatic, emotional, or erratic personality disorders.

Cluster C

Anxious or fearful personality disorders.

Trepanation

Early treatment involving drilling holes in the skull.

Moral Treatment Movement

Movement advocating humane treatment of individuals with mental illness.

Deinstitutionalization

Process of closing large psychiatric hospitals and integrating patients into community settings.

Psychotherapy

Therapy approaches including CBT, psychodynamic therapy, and humanistic therapy.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Therapy focusing on identifying and changing negative thought patterns and behaviors.

Psychodynamic Therapy

Therapy exploring unconscious processes and past conflicts.

Humanistic Therapy

Therapy emphasizing personal growth and self-actualization.

Group Therapy

Therapy sessions with multiple participants.

Family Therapy

Therapy addressing issues within the family system.

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Biomedical therapy using electrical stimulation to induce seizures.