Sig Figs are hard - Math and Density Study guide Test for Integrated

Mass

the amount of stuff; how it feels

volume

size of stuff; how it looks

Density

How it feels compared to how it looks; Mass/volume

significant digits

rules used for rounding; determining how specific a measurement is

base units

standard units for a single digit

derived units

combined standard or base units

accuracy

closeness to an accepted value

precision

agreement between measurements; how specific a measurement is

accepted value

the published or accepted value

measured value

the value found in an experiment

What are the 5 significant figure rules?

1.) All natural numbers (1-9) are significant 2.) All sandwiched zeros (101) are significant 3.) Zeros on the right of the last digit are only significant if there is a decimal point 4.) Zeros on the left of the first digit are never significant 5.) Counting numbers are infinitely significant

What are the 3 MAIN base units in SI?

1.) Mass —> Kilogram (kg) 2.) Distance —> Meter (m) 3.) Time —> Second (s)

What are the rounding rules?

0-4 round down; 5-9 round up; the answer can only have as many sig figs as the smallest number of sig figs in the question

What is the formula for density?

Density = Mass divided by volume (D=M/V)

What do d, m, v stand for?

d = density; m = mass; v=volume

How do you calculate percent error?

1.) Find the difference in the two values (absolute error) 2.) Divide that difference by the accepted value (relative error) 3.) Multiply by 100 (percent error)

Who is Fanny Farmer and why was she important?

She standardized cooking measurements and took over the Boston cooking school; she made recipes that could be used by anyone even without experience

Who was Alfred Nobel and why was he important?

super rich guy who didn’t want to be hated; created the Nobel prizes to change his legacy and use his money for good; winners get $1 million, a party, a medal, and a custom art calligraphy piece

Which unit almost always goes on the x axis of a graph?

distance

Which unit is on the y axis?

time or age

When do you use a bar graph?

categories

When do you use a scatter plot or line graph?

trends (usually over time)

The blue line on graphs sometimes do not connect the dots. Excel calls it a trend line, what do we call it?

Line of best fit

Which axis does the independent variable go on?

x axis

Which axis does the dependent variable go on?

y axis

Calculate the density of an object

d=m/v

Calculate the volume of an object

v=m/d

Calculate the mass of an object

m=v x d

Why does regular soda sink and diet soda floats?

Because lighter sodas have a lower density than water