Biologic Molecules HESI Questions

Which biologic molecule is comprised of polymers of amino acids?

-Carbohydrates

-Nucleic acids

-Proteins

-Lipids

Proteins

Proteins are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, which are arranged as chains (polymers) of amino acids.

How are carbohydrates absorbed into the bloodstream?

-Carbohydrates are turned into oxygen and are absorbed into the blood via the lungs.

-Carbohydrates are turned into disaccharides and absorbed into the blood via the walls of the stomach.

-Carbohydrates are turned into glucose and absorbed into the blood via the walls of the small intestine.

-Carbohydrates are turned into fatty acids and absorbed into the blood via the walls of the large intestine.

Carbohydrates are turned into glucose and absorbed into the blood via the walls of the small intestine.

Humans and other animals require nitrogen; however, they cannot obtain it from the air or soil.

What must animals consume in order to obtain the nitrogen they need?

-Lipids

-Carbohydrates

-Glucose

-Protein

Protein

Protein
Animals and humans obtain the nitrogen they require by consuming protein. Proteins are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, which are arranged as chains (polymers) of amino acids

Polymers of which of the following make up proteins?

-Amino acids

-Nucleic acids

-Enzymes

-Steroids

Amino acids

How are phospholipids important in the function of cells?

-They are important components of the cytoplasm.

-They are important components of the cell wall.

-They are important components of the cytoplasmic skeleton.

-They are important components of the plasma membrane.

They are important components of the plasma membrane.

DNA and RNA are subunits of which type of biologic molecule?

-Carbohydrates

-Lipids

-Proteins

-Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids are components of the molecules of inheritance. They include DNA, which includes all of the genetic code that is necessary for replication; and RNA which is a messenger that transfers information from DNA to proteins.

Bodybuilders are concerned with putting on a significant amount of muscle mass. Which biologic molecule would you recommend a bodybuilder increase consumption of to gain muscle mass?

-Nucleic acids

-Carbohydrates

-Proteins

-Lipids

Proteins

Which of the following best describes amino acids that cannot be naturally produced by the body and, therefore, are obtained through the organism’s diet?

-Essential amino acids

-Nonessential amino acids

-Enzymes

-Steroids

Essential amino acids

Essential amino acids cannot be made by the body. As a result, they must come from food.

Which of the following best describes the structure of proteins?

-Polymers of fatty acids

-Polymers of nucleic acids

-Polymers of amino acids

-Polymers of steroids

Polymers of amino acids

Proteins are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, which are arranged as chains polymers of amino acids

Protein synthesis in the cell requires which of the following molecules?

-Steroids

-Nucleic acids

-Amino acids

-Fatty acids

Amino acids

Which molecules are considered the most important in biology?

-Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and steroids

-Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and fatty acids

-Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and amino acids

-Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Which of the biologic molecules are considered the most significant when it comes to contributing to cellular function?

-Lipids

-Proteins

-Carbohydrates

-Nucleic acids

Proteins

Which of the following about carbohydrates is incorrect?

-They contain only two elements: carbon and oxygen.

-Their most important functions are providing storage, structure, and energy.

-They are polymers of sugars.

-They are classified into simple sugars and complex carbohydrates.

They contain only two elements: carbon and oxygen

Which of the following about phospholipids is incorrect?

-The phosphate group is charged.

-Phospholipids consist of two fatty acids bonded to a phosphate group.

-The phosphate group in phospholipids is nonpolar and non-soluble in water.

-Phospholipids are important in the function of cellular membranes.

The phosphate group in phospholipids is nonpolar and non-soluble in water

Which of the following biologic molecules are components of the molecules of inheritance?

-Carbohydrates

-Nucleic acids

-Proteins

-Lipids

Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids are components of the molecules of inheritance. They include DNA, which includes all of the genetic code that is necessary for replication; and RNA which is a messenger that transfers information from DNA to proteins.

Which of the following correctly identifies the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

-There is no difference between saturated and unsaturated fats.

-Saturated fats contain one or more double bonds in their hydrocarbon tail, while unsaturated fats contain no double bonds.

-Unsaturated fats contain one or more double bonds in their hydrocarbon tail, while saturated fats contain no double bonds.

-Saturated fats contain two or more double bonds in their hydrocarbon tail, while unsaturated fats contain only one double bond.

Unsaturated fats contain one or more double bonds in their hydrocarbon tail, while saturated fats contain no double bonds.

Which of the following is a lipid that is a component of cellular membranes and a precursor to significant hormones and drugs?

-Steroids

-Saturated fats

-Unsaturated fats

-Phospholipids

Steroids

Steroids are lipids that are a component of cellular membranes and a precursor to significant hormones and drugs.

Which of the following is a protein that acts to catalyze different reactions or processes within a cell?

-Steroids

-Enzymes

-Nucleic acids

-Amino acids

Enzymes

Enzymes are a type of protein that catalyzes (cause or accelerate) different reactions and processes. Almost all cellular function is catalyzed by some type of enzyme.

Which type of protein acts to catalyze different reactions or processes?

-Hormones

-Amino acids

-Enzymes

-Steroids

Enzymes

Enzymes are a type of protein that catalyzes (cause or accelerate) different reactions and processes. Almost all cellular function is catalyzed by some type of enzyme

Which biologic molecule would you recommend a patient limit if they want to avoid having cardiovascular problems?

-Saturated fats

-Carbohydrates

-Phospholipids

-Unsaturated fats

Saturated fats

Saturated fats are one of the two categories of fatty acids. Saturated fats contain no double bonds in their hydrocarbon tail. As a result, saturated fats are solid at room temperature and are considered detrimental to your cardiovascular health.