mneumonic pwrpt electrolytes

Hypernatremia symptoms mneumonic

•F: Fever, flushed skin.

•R: Restlessness.

•I: Increased fluid retention.

•E: Edema.

•D: Decreased urine output.

Hypernatremia treatment

•Increase water intake.

•Administer hypotonic IV fluids.

•Restrict sodium intake.

Hyponatremia

•Excessive water intake.

•SIADH.

•Diuretics.

Hyponatremia Symptoms mneumonic

•S: Stupor/coma.

•A: Anorexia, nausea, vomiting.

•L: Lethargy.

•T: Tendon reflexes decreased.

•L: Limp muscles.

•O: Orthostatic hypotension.

•S: Seizures/headache.

•S: Stomach cramping.

Hyponatremia treatment

•Restrict water intake.

•Administer hypertonic saline.

•Monitor sodium levels.

Hyperkalemia causes

•Renal failure.

•Excessive potassium intake.

•Medications (e.g., potassium-sparing diuretics).

Hyperkalemia symptoms mnemonic

•M: Muscle cramps.

•U: Urine abnormalities.

•R: Respiratory distress.

•D: Decreased cardiac contractility.

•E: ECG changes.

•R: Reflexes.

Hyperkalemia treatment

•Administer calcium gluconate.

•Use insulin and glucose.

•Administer diuretics or dialysis.

Hypokalemia symptoms mnemonic

"A SIC WALT“

•A: Alkalosis.

•S: Shallow respirations.

•I: Irritability.

•C: Confusion.

•W: Weakness.

•A: Arrhythmias.

•L: Lethargy.

•T: Thready pulse.

Hypermagnesemia causes

•Renal failure

•Excessive magnesium intake

Hypermagnesemia symptoms

MAG is calm and quiet

•Muscle weakness

•Hypotension

•Respiratory depression

Hypermagnesemia treatments

Dialysis

IV calcium gluconate

Hypomagnesemia causes

•Chronic alcoholism

•Malnutrition

•Prolonged diarrhea

Hypomagnesemia symptoms mnemonic

TWITCHING (neuromuscular excitability)

Trouesseau’s (positive due to hypocalcemia)

Weak respirations

Irritability

Tetany (seizures)

Cardiac changes (moderate loss: Tall T-waves and depressed ST segments*** severe loss: prolonged PR & QT interval (prolong of QT interval increases patient’s risk for Torsades de pointes) with widening QRS complex, flattened t-waves,

Chvostek’s sign (positive which goes along with hypocalcemia)

Hypertension, hyperreflexia

Involuntary movements

Nausea

GI issues

Hypercalcemia causes

•Hyperparathyroidism

•Malignancy

•Excessive vitamin D

Hypercalcemia symptoms

Stones, bones, groans, and psychiatric overtones

Hypercalcemia treatments

calcitonin, hydration, bisphosphonates

Hypocalcemia causes

Vit D deficiency, renal disease, hypoparathyroidism

Hypocalcemia symptoms and mnemonic

•Tetany

•Paresthesia

•Chvostek's sign

•Trousseau's sign

•CATS go numb"

Convulsions, Arrhythmias, Tetany, Spasms

Hypocalcemia treatments

Vit D supplements and calcium gluconate

Hyperphosphatemia causes

•Renal failure

•Hypoparathyroidism

•Excessive phosphate intake

Hyperphosphatemia symptoms

•"Phos has a problem with the flow" (blood vessels can harden to be less flexible and make it harder for blood to move)

•Tetany

•Calcification of tissues

Hyperphosphatemia treatments

Dialysis and phosphate binders

Hypophosphatemia causes

•Hyperparathyroidism

•Malabsorption

•Chronic alcoholism

Hypophosphatemia symptoms mnemonic

•"BROKEN" (Breathing problems, Rhabdomyolysis, Osteomalacia, Kills immune system, Extreme weakness, Neuro changes)

•R - Rhabdomyolysis: This is the breakdown of muscle tissue, releasing muscle fiber contents into the blood. Phosphate is crucial for muscle function, and its deficiency can cause muscle weakness and damage, resulting in rhabdomyolysis.

O - Osteomalacia: This refers to the softening of bones due to defective bone mineralization, often related to phosphate deficiency. Osteomalacia can cause bone pain and increase the risk of fractures

Hypophosphatemia treatments

phosphate supplements