New Nations

Sri Lanka

A small island nation at the Southern tip of India where a majority of the population is Buddhist and a significant minority is Tamil.

Tamil people

The ethnic group in Sri Lanka who fought a civil war seeking a separate nation.

Israel

Created in 1948 from land partitioned from Palestine, leading to conflict with Islamic nations.

1st Arab-Israeli war

War that occurred the day after Israel was created, after islamic nations invaded.

PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization)

Organization formed to lead the armed struggle against Israel, led by Yasir Arafat.

Yasir Arafat

Leader of the PLO who organized a military wing for armed struggle against Israel.

Intifada

"Uprising;" widespread civil disobedience and protests against Israeli soldiers.

1993 Oslo Peace Accords

Peace agreement in 1993 where Israel granted self-rule to Palestinians in Gaza Strip and West Bank.

Apartheid

South African policy of complete legal separation of the races, including banning social contacts.

Sanctions

Actions taken by the U.S. and Europe against South Africa to protest against apartheid.

Nelson Mandela

South African leader imprisoned for 26 years for protesting apartheid.

President de Klerk

South African President who released Nelson Mandela from prison.

1990

Year that Nelson Mandela was released from prison.

1991

Year that Nelson Mandela became the President of South Africa.

Nobel Peace Prize

The award shared by Nelson Mandela and President de Klerk in 1993.

Swaraj

Self-rule, as sought by Gandhi for India.

Partition of India

The separation of India into Hindu and Muslim nations by Britain.

Mohandas Gandhi

Organized a non-violent movement for Indian independence, utilizing hunger strikes and boycotts.

Jawaharlal Nehru

Became the first Prime Minister of India, working to improve the status of lower castes and women's rights.

Kashmir

A territory at the northern point of India, contested between India and Pakistan.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Provided strong leadership encouraging Muslims to reject the Hindu-dominated Congress Party and support the Muslim League.

Bangladesh

Formerly East Pakistan, declared independence in 1971 after a civil war.

Sri Lanka

An island nation at the southern tip of India, with a majority Buddhist population and a Tamil minority.

Non-violent Movement

Tactics that Gandhi used to shame the British into granting "swaraj" or self-rule.

Independent Muslim Nation

West Pakistan was an Independent Muslim majority nation

India

Became the largest democracy in the world on August 15, 1947

Hindu Nation

One of the 2 separate nations after Britain decided to partion India.

Muslims

One of the groups in India with over 100 million.

Dictatorships

The reason why people questioned the practice of owning Colonies after WWII.

Tamil

1/5th of the population in Sri Lanka

Indian National Congress

Group formed in the late 1800s to work for rights and freedoms for Indians under British rule.

Muslim League

Political party formed in 1906 to protect the rights of Muslims in India; later became a key player in the creation