BIO Ch.16: Central Dogma Mutation

Initiation (Translation)

the small ribosome subunit binds to the tRNA 5’ cap start codon, then the big one joins to start the initiation complex

Elongation (translation

1. Anticodon on AGC (on the a site)

2. the polypeptide chain grows from the p site to the a site.

3. the a site moves to the p site, the p site moves to the e site, etc. they just keep moving one down

direction to read the coding, mRNA, template, tRNA strands

anticodon/coding/mRNA 5’ to 3’
codon/template/trna 3’ to 5’

Differences and similarities in the strands

Coding and mRNA are identical, mRNA uses U’s
DNA uses T’s

Which nucleotides correspond to eachother

In RNA

1. A-U

2. C-G

3. T-A
   
   In DNA

1. A-T

2. C-G

Point mutation

A single nucleotide is changed

Silent Mutation

A nucleotide change that does not affect the amino acid coding
ex) GUA turns into GUU but both still code for the same amino acid, Valine

Missense Mutation

A nucleotide change that affects the amino acid coding
ex) CCC (Proline) changes to ACC (Thr)

Nonsense Mutation

A mutation that creates an early stop codon which creates a nonfunctional protein

Frameshift Mutation

When one nucleotide is either deleted or inserted which affects the reading of all the remaining codons