Chapter 11

Personality

consists of the stable psychological traits and behavioral attributes that give a person their identity

Big Five Personality Dimensions

Extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, & openness to experience

Core self-evaluation

represents a broad personality trait comprising four positive individual traits: self-efficacy, self-esteem, locus of control, and emotional stability

Self-efficacy

belief in one’s personal ability to do a task

Self-esteem

the extent to which people like or dislike themselves, their overall self-evaluation

Emotional stability

extent to which people feel secure and unworried and how likely they are to experience negative emotions under pressure

Components of EI

emotional intelligence; self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, & relationship management

Organizational behavior

field dedicated to better understanding and managing people at work; explain & predict workplace behavior in individual & group

Values

abstract ideals that guide your thinking and behavior across a variety of situations

Attitudes

defined as a learned predisposition toward a given object

Three components of attitudes

affective, cognitive, & behavioral

Affective

consists of the feelings or emotions one has about a situation

Cognitive

consists of the beliefs and knowledge one has about a situation

Behavioral

intentional component; how one intends or expects to behave toward a situation

Cognitive dissonance

describe the psychological discomfort a person experiences between their cognitive attitude and incompatible behavior

Perception

process of interpreting and understanding one’s environment

Distortions in perceptions

stereotyping, implicit bias (beliefs affecting things), halo effect, recency effect (remember recent info), & casual attributions (inferring causes for observed behavior)

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Pygmalion effect; describes the phenomenon in which people’s expectations of themselves or others lead them to behave in ways that make those expectations come true

Employee engagement (work-related attitude)

mental state in which a person performing a work activity is fully immersed in the activity, feeling full of energy and enthusiasm for the work.

Job satisfaction (work-related attitude)

the extent to which you feel positive or negative about various aspects of your work

Organizational commitment (work-related attitude)

extent to which an employee identifies with an organization and is committed to its goals

Organizational Citizenship (behavior)

employee behaviors that are not directly part of employees’ job descriptions

Counterproductive work (behavior)

types of behavior that harm employees and the organization as a whole

Important differences

personality, internal, external, & organizational dimensions

Four Layers of Diversity

organizational, external, internal, & personality

Conscientiousness

represents an individual’s dependability, responsibility, achievement-orientation, and persistence