human anatomy unit 2 ch 8

axial skeleton includes what?

the skull, auditory ossicles, hyoid bone, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.

the appendicular skeleton includes what?

bones of upper and lower limb, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle

adults typically have how many bones?

206

at birth there are how many bones?

270

what are sesamoid bones?

bones that form within tendons in response to strain. 

what is a suture?

visible seams on the surface 

what are the 8 bones of the cranial cavity

1 frontal bone, 2 parietal bones, 1 occipital bone, 2 temporal bones, 1 sphenoid bone, 1 ethmoid bone 

foramen magnum

where the spinal cord enters

sagittal suture

between parietal bones

coronal suture

anterior margin

lambdoid suture

posterior margin

squamous suture

lateral margin

4 parts of temporal bone 

squamous, tympanic, mastoid, and petrous 

the zygomatic process forms part of what?

zygomatic arch

the mandibular fossa articulates with what?

cranium

the occipital condyle is where..

the skull rests on the vertebral column

the sphenoids lesser wing contains what?

optic canal

what is the sella turcia?

body of sphenoid bone

what is the cribiform plate?

forms the roof of the nasal canal

what is the crista galli?

a median blade that forms an attachment point for the dura mater

the cribiform foramina in the depressed areas allow passage for what?

olfactory nerves 

alveolar processes 

grow into spaces between teeth 

what forms the TMJ

meeting of mandibular condyle with temporal bone that forms a hinge

what forms the middle ear

malleus, incus, and stapes

function of vertebral column

supports skull and trunk 

vertebral column has what cartilage between them?

fibrocartilage

thoracic and sacral kyphosis

bend outward

cervical and lumbar lordosis

bend inward

what do discs help with?

they bind adjacent vertebrae together

herniated disc

stress on vertebral column which compresses the intervertebral discs and make them bulge laterally. 

cervical vertebrae allow for what?

support the head and allow for movement

vertebrae c1

atlas; articulates with occipital condyles; allows for “nodding” motion

vertebrae c2

axis; rotation of head

articulation between atlas and cranium

atlanto-occipital joint

articulation between atlas and axis

atlantoaxial joint

pectoral girdle consists of …

clavicle and scapula

what makes up the sternoclavicular joint

medial end of clavicle with the sternum

what makes up the acromioclavicular joint

lateral end of clavicle with the scapula

glenoid cavity articulates with what

head of femur

what is the glenoid cavity and head of femur joint called?

glenohumeral joint 

pelvic girdle consists of what

2 hip coxal bones and a sacrum

each hip bone are joined to the vertebral column by what joint?

sacroiliac joint 

what bone is the strongest and largest bone?

femur 

largest tarsal bone

calcaneal

what is included in the occipital bone?

-foramen magnum

-occipital condyles 

what is included in the sphenoid bone?

-lesser wing

-greater wing

-sella turcia

-optic foramen

what is included in the ethmoid bone?

-cribirform plate

-olfactory foramina

-crista galli

what 4 bones make up your sinuses?

frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary 

intervertebral discs are made of what kind of cartilage

fibrocartilage