Module 1 Lesson 1

Flashcards covering major ideas and vocabulary from the lecture on the steps and flexibility of the scientific method.

What is the scientific method?

A systematic, step-by-step process for answering questions and solving problems through observation, hypothesis formation, experimentation, and analysis.

What is the first step in the scientific method?

Observation—researching and closely observing a subject to identify a question or problem.

In the classroom example, what was the initial observation?

The student noticed that the classroom was too warm.

What is a hypothesis?

A testable, possible explanation for an observation or problem.

Give one hypothesis proposed for why the classroom was warm.

"The classroom is warm because no one turned on the air conditioning."

What is a scientific prediction and how is it usually phrased?

A forecast derived from a hypothesis, commonly stated in an "If … then …" format.

State the prediction made from the first warm-classroom hypothesis.

If the student turns on the air conditioning, then the classroom will no longer be too warm.

What is a variable in an experiment?

Any factor in the experiment that can change or be changed.

What is a control group?

A duplicate of the experimental group that is not exposed to the variables, serving as a baseline for comparison.

Why should only one variable be changed at a time during testing?

To ensure that any observed effect can be attributed to that single variable without confusion.

What should a scientist do if experimental data do not support a hypothesis?

Reject the hypothesis and propose a new one for testing.

Does rejecting one hypothesis automatically prove another?

No; rejecting a hypothesis only rules it out—it does not confirm alternative hypotheses.

Is the scientific method a rigid, linear process?

No; it is flexible, and experiments can lead to new questions, hypotheses, and investigative paths.

Can the scientific method be applied outside of science?

Yes; it can be used to solve problems and answer questions in any area of knowledge.