UNIT 4 VOCAB

Revolution of 1800

Thomas jefferson won vote in 1800, peaceful transfer of power revolutionary

Louisiana purchase

jefferson administration bought chunk of western land for 15 million from france

corps of discovery

expidition to discover the louisiana territory, lewis and clark

marbury v. madison

john marshall (head of supreme court) started judicial review and strengthened power of supreme court

midnight judges

john adams packed court with judges before end of term

judicial review

the ability of the supreme court to declare a law or action unconstitutional

McCulloch v. Maryland

national law trumps state law

war of 1812

war declared on britian due to combination of continued impressment and britian aiding natives in attacking settlers

war hawks

group of representatives in the house that wanted war with britian (war of 1812)

hartford convention

federalists threatened to secede from union during the war of 1812, after war was one federalist party fell apart

henry clay

known as a war hawk and designer of american system, leader of whigs, and proposed compromise of 1850

american system

plan by henry clay with 3 main ideas: federally funded internal improvments, federal tariffs, and the second national bank of the united states

tallmadge amendment

offer to ban slavery in missouri after 25 years

missouri compromise/compromise of 1820

missouri = slave state, maine = free state, horizontal line to limit slavery in future

treaty of ghent

end of war of 1812

adams-onis treaty

spain sold florida

monroe doctrine

western hemisphere is for americans, challanged europeans for authority

national road/cumberland road

first national highway, connected illinois to maryland

erie canal

canal linked farms with manufacturing

eli whitney

invented interchangable parts and the cotton gin, example of industrial revolution

factory system

mass producing interchangable parts

nativists

anti-immigration, specifically anti-catholic

cult of domesticity

women’s identity is to have kids and be good wife, didn’t apply to working class women

lowell factory

former farm girls moved to cities to work at factory, low wages and entire life controlled by bosses

panic of 1819

second national bank led stte banks to close, small farmers demanded right to vote

corrupt bargain

election of 1824 no electoral majority, house voted for adams after clay endorsed him, then clay was appointed secretary of state

andrew jackson

leader of new democratic party, limited federal government, president after adams

democrats

political party that had replaced anti-federalists by 1828

whigs

political party that had replaced federalists by 1828, big government

tariff of 1828

known as “tariff of abominations” by southern farmers

nullification

calhoun (jackson’s VP) asserted states' rights to invalidate federal laws, eventually tariff of 1828 reduced

indian removal act of 1830

authorized forced removal of native americans

treaty of new echota

exchanged land in Georgia for reservations in west, trail of tears

romanticism

anti-intellectual movement, emotion and desire over enlightenment

transcendentalism

philosophical movement emphasizing individual intuition and nature

second great awakening

series of religious Protestant revivals that emphasised morals, personal restraint, and righteous living 

calvanists

idea that only god could decide who is saved and who is not

american temperance society

first ideas of temperance focused on middle class men

seneca falls

beginning of suffrage movement where the declaration of sentiments and resolutions was written

Nat turner’s rebellion

slave rebellion where 57 white people killed, conspirators hanged

Amnistad

ship where slaves killed captain, won supreme court case

Yeoman farmers

White farmers in south who didn’t own slaves

John C. Calhoun

vice president of john quincy adams who argued that slavery is morally right

era of good feelings

post 1812 national unity