Biomed 1

Innate immunity is best described as: a) Slow and highly specific; b) First line, rapid, non-specific protection; c) Dependent on memory cells; d) Only activated by vaccination

b) First line, rapid, non-specific protection

Adaptive immunity is best described as: a) Immediate and non-specific; b) Targeted defense with long-lasting protection; c) Does not involve lymphocytes; d) Lacks memory

b) Targeted defense with long-lasting protection

Passive immunity involves: a) Activation of B and T cells; b) Transfer of antibodies from one individual to another; c) Exposure to antigen through infection; d) Development of long-term immune memory

b) Transfer of antibodies from one individual to another

Breastfeeding provides which type of immunity? a) Adaptive; b) Active; c) Passive; d) Innate

c) Passive

Active immunity requires: a) Antibodies transferred from mother; b) Immune cells challenged by infection or vaccination; c) No involvement of lymphocytes; d) Short-term immunity

b) Immune cells challenged by infection or vaccination

Stem cells can differentiate into: a) Only lymphoid progenitors; b) Only myeloid progenitors; c) Common lymphoid or myeloid progenitors; d) Only NK cells

c) Common lymphoid or myeloid progenitors

Innate immunity is mediated primarily by: a) B and T cells; b) Phagocytes and NK cells; c) Plasma cells only; d) Memory lymphocytes

b) Phagocytes and NK cells

Adaptive immunity is mediated by: a) NK cells; b) Phagocytes; c) B and T lymphocytes; d) Basophils

c) B and T lymphocytes

B and T cells are examples of: a) Innate immunity; b) Passive immunity; c) Adaptive immunity; d) Epithelial immunity

c) Adaptive immunity

Plasma cells differentiate from: a) T cells; b) NK cells; c) B cells; d) Neutrophils

c) B cells

A myeloid progenitor can differentiate into all of the following EXCEPT: a) Neutrophils; b) Macrophages; c) Dendritic cells; d) B cells

d) B cells

Neutrophils make up what proportion of leukocytes? a) 5–10%; b) 10–25%; c) 40–75%; d) 80–95%

c) 40–75%

Lymphocytes make up what proportion of leukocytes? a) 1–5%; b) 5–10%; c) 20–50%; d) 60–80%

c) 20–50%

Which statement best distinguishes innate from adaptive immunity? a) Innate responses improve with repeated exposure; b) Adaptive immunity has antigen specificity and memory; c) Innate immunity depends on B and T lymphocytes; d) Adaptive immunity is always the first line of defense

b) Adaptive immunity has antigen specificity and memory

Epithelial barriers provide protection by: a) Producing defensins (peptide antibiotics); b) Releasing histamine; c) Presenting antigens via MHC II; d) Activating complement directly

a) Producing defensins (peptide antibiotics)

Epithelial barriers secrete: a) Cytokines; b) Antibodies; c) Histamine; d) Complement proteins

a) Cytokines

Epithelial barriers include which immune cells? a) NK cells; b) Neutrophils; c) Intraepithelial lymphocytes; d) Basophils

c) Intraepithelial lymphocytes

The inflammatory response includes all EXCEPT: a) Increased blood flow and capillary permeability; b) Migration of phagocytes to infection site; c) Antibody production within minutes; d) Destruction of microbes by phagocytes

c) Antibody production within minutes

Granulocytes are defined as: a) Cells with multilobed nuclei; b) White blood cells with cytoplasmic granules; c) Cells lacking secretory vesicles; d) Only lymphocytes

b) White blood cells with cytoplasmic granules

Eosinophils primarily function to: a) Kill virus-infected cells; b) Kill parasites and mediate late-phase allergic response; c) Present antigens; d) Perform phagocytosis of bacteria

b) Kill parasites and mediate late-phase allergic response

Basophils primarily: a) Release histamine for immediate allergic reaction; b) Destroy virus-infected cells; c) Release IL-12; d) Produce antibodies

a) Release histamine for immediate allergic reaction

Mast cells mainly reside in: a) Bloodstream; b) Skin and mucosa; c) Spleen white pulp; d) Bone marrow only

b) Skin and mucosa

Which granulocyte increases in number during allergic asthma? a) Neutrophils; b) Eosinophils; c) Basophils; d) NK cells

b) Eosinophils

The first immune cell type recruited to infection sites is typically: a) B cells; b) NK cells; c) Neutrophils; d) Macrophages

c) Neutrophils

Monocytes entering tissues differentiate into: a) B cells; b) Neutrophils; c) Macrophages; d) Mast cells

c) Macrophages

PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) bind to: a) T-cell receptors; b) Pattern recognition receptors on phagocytes; c) Antibodies; d) Complement proteins only

b) Pattern recognition receptors on phagocytes

Phagocytosis refers to: a) Killing of parasites; b) Ingestion of pathogens; c) Activation of complement; d) Antigen presentation only

b) Ingestion of pathogens

Phagocytes are activated in innate immunity by all EXCEPT: a) PAMP binding to PRRs; b) Cytokines; c) Complement-coated microbes; d) Antibody memory cells

d) Antibody memory cells

Activated macrophages secrete: a) IgG; b) Histamine; c) Cytokines and chemokines; d) Platelets

c) Cytokines and chemokines

CXCL8 functions to: a) Activate NK cells; b) Recruit neutrophils; c) Activate B cells; d) Kill parasites directly

b) Recruit neutrophils

IL-12 functions to: a) Recruit neutrophils; b) Activate NK cells; c) Activate eosinophils; d) Stimulate antibody class switching

b) Activate NK cells

NK cells are best described as: a) Antibody-producing cells; b) Lymphocytes that kill virus-infected cells; c) Professional antigen-presenting cells; d) Granulocytes involved in allergies

b) Lymphocytes that kill virus-infected cells

MIC proteins are: a) Secreted antibodies; b) Upregulated on infected cells; c) PRRs on macrophages; d) Enzymes in neutrophil granules

b) Upregulated on infected cells

NKG2D receptors on NK cells bind MIC to: a) Produce antibodies; b) Activate NK killing via lytic granule release; c) Promote phagocytosis; d) Stimulate eosinophil degranulation

b) Activate NK killing via lytic granule release

Which of the following is a component of innate immunity? a) Antibodies; b) Macrophages; c) B cells; d) Helper T cells

b) Macrophages

Which type of immune cell is NOT a phagocyte? a) NK cell; b) Dendritic cell; c) Neutrophil; d) Macrophage

a) NK cell

The primary (central) lymphoid tissues include: a) Thymus and bone marrow; b) Spleen and lymph nodes; c) MALT only; d) Peyer’s patches only

a) Thymus and bone marrow

B cells fully mature in the: a) Thymus; b) Spleen; c) Bone marrow; d) Lymph nodes

c) Bone marrow

Immature T cells: a) Mature in bone marrow; b) Leave bone marrow and travel to the thymus; c) Are produced only in lymph nodes; d) Become NK cells

b) Leave bone marrow and travel to the thymus

Secondary (peripheral) lymphoid tissues include all EXCEPT: a) Spleen; b) MALT; c) Lymph nodes; d) Thymus

d) Thymus

The white pulp of the spleen functions to: a) Filter blood; b) Store platelets; c) House lymphocytes for immune responses; d) Produce red blood cells

c) House lymphocytes for immune responses

The red pulp of the spleen: a) Filters blood and stores platelets; b) Produces antibodies; c) Activates T cells; d) Traps parasites

a) Filters blood and stores platelets

MALT primarily: a) Detects and responds to microbes entering via mucous membranes; b) Filters blood; c) Stores neutrophils; d) Produces erythrocytes

a) Detects and responds to microbes entering via mucous membranes

M cells in Peyer’s patches function to: a) Produce antibodies; b) Capture antigens and deliver them to dendritic cells; c) Kill infected cells; d) Activate complement directly

b) Capture antigens and deliver them to dendritic cells

Which of the following is NOT a secondary lymphoid tissue? a) Lymph nodes; b) Spleen; c) Thymus; d) MALT

c) Thymus