Ch. 3 Histology

What is histology

study of tissue

what is cell differentation

developmental process that results in the formation of different types of cells

what are the four type soft tissue in the body

epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve

what are the three general characteristics of epithelial tissue

the cells adhere closely together, contain no blood vessels, often found covering a body surface or lining body cavities

what does avascular mean

without vascular

what are the three ways epithelial tissue are classified

based on arrangement of the cells, shape of the cells, and cellular modifications

what are simple cells

single layer of cells

what are stratified cells

multi layers of the cells

how do squamous cells look

flat

how do cuboidal cells look

cube

how do columnar cells look

tall and skinny

what are the three types of cellular modifications

cilia, microvilli, and mucus secreting

what are the type of cells do you find cellular modifications on

columnar epithelial cells

what are cilia

fine motile hairs

what are microvilli cells

finger-like extensions of the cell

what are goblet cells

secrete mucus

where do you find simple squamous epithelial cells

alveoli of the lungs, lining of all blood vessels, membranes

where do you find simple cuboidal cells found

urinary tubules of the kidney, the liver, pancreas, thyroid,and other glands of the body

what does Aden/o mean

glands

where do you find simple columnar ciliated epithelial cells

makes up lining of a woman’s fallopian tubes

what do cilia on the fallopian tube do

push eggs from the ovaries to the uterus

where do you find simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells

lining of the stomach

what do goblet cells in the stomach do

neutralize stomach acid

where do you find simple columnar brush-border epithelium with goblet cells

makes the lining of the intestine

where do you find pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells

lining of the respiratory tract

what does pseudo mean

false

what does pseudostratified mean

false stratified

what does cilia on the respiratory tract do

trap dust

where do you find transitional epithelium

transform

why is it called transitional epithelium

makes up the lining of the urinary bladder

what does lumen mean

hole

what are the two subtypes of stratified squamous epithelium

non-keratinizing and keratinizing

what is keratin

hardening proteins

where do you find keratin

hair, nails, skin

what are non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium

no dead layers of cells

where do you find non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium

lining of the oral cavity, anal canal, and vaginal canal

what is keratinizing stratified squamous epithleium

dead layers of cells present

where do you find keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium

makes up the epidermis of the skin

what do all cells needs to be surrounded by

liquid

What is the function of connective tissue

generally function to connect and support the other tissues of the body

how are connective tissue classified

based on the type of cell and type of intercellular matter found between the cells

what is areolar loose connective tissue

secrete proteins into the spaces between the cells

what are fibroblasts

collagen and blastin (principal type of cell)

what are marcophages

engulf foreign agents

what are mast cells

secrete histamine and other chemical mediators of inflammation

what is inflammation

local dilation of blood vessels, local permeability of blood vessels, and local stimulation of pain fibers

what does erythema mean

red

what is edema

swelling

what two proteins are secreted by fibroblasts

collagen and elastic

what is collagen

confer strength to the tissue

what is elastin

confer elasticity to the tissue

what is adipose tissue

fat

what is the function of adipose tissue

provides a reserve of food (for energy), insulates against heat loss, supports and protects the organs it encloses

what are the three common locations of adipose tissue

under the skin, around the kidneys and eyeballs, and buttocks and breasts

what are the two subtypes of dense fibrous connective tissue

regularly and irregularly arranged dense fibrous ct

what are five places where dense fibrous connective tissue is common

tendons, ligaments, dura mater, fascia, and perichondrium and periosteum

what does peri mean

around

how do regularly arranged dense fibrous connective tissue look

they are arranged in parallel bundles

how do irregularly arranged dense fibrous connective tissue look

running in all directions

what is special about cartilage tissue, unlike other connective tissue

no blood vessels

what are the three subtypes of cartilage

hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage

what are four locations where ehyaline cartilage is found

the embryonic long bones of the body, the front of the enose, the trachea and larynx, and the surfaces of articulating bones

where is fibrocartilage fouond

the intervertebral disks

where is elastic cartilage found

the external ear

what are osteocytes

cell present in bone tissue

what does a compact bone look like

the osteocytes are arranged in concentric circles

what does spongy bone look like

the osteocytes are arranged in a spony network

what are osteoblasts

secrete calcium mineral

what are osteoclasts

break down calcium mineral

what is resorption

break down calcium mineral

what is ossification

form bone tissue

what are haversian systems

the osteocytes are arranged in concentric circles

what is a diaphysis

shaft of the bone

what is an epiphysis

proximal epiphysis, distal epiphysis, epiphyseal plates

what is in the medullary cavity

red marrow, yellow marrow

what is hemopoiesis

blood creating

what is hemopoietic tissue

blood and lymph

what are erythrocytes

red blood cells- transport O2 and CO2

what are leukocytes

white blood cells- produce antibodies and interferon that inactivate foreign agents and phagocytize (engulf) foreign agents

what are platelets

produce thromboplastin which triggers blood clotting

what is thromboplastin

thrombocytes

what are neoplasms

tumors

what are benign tumors

increased multiplication of tissue cells

what are malignant tumors

cancerous