Studied by 240 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Global Self-Esteem
Reflects on how a person feels about themselves; capturing ones self worth and value
General Self-Concept
How we see and define ourselves. Ex; I am a hard worker
Perceptual Dimension
An individual's perception of their body, including their size, shape, and appearance.
Cognitive Dimension
An individual's thoughts and beliefs about their body, such as their level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with their body.
Affective/Emotional Dimensions
An individual's emotional response to their body, including their feelings of confidence or insecurity.
Behavioral Dimension
An individual's actions and behaviors related to their body, such as diet and exercise habits.
The Four Dimensions of Body Image
Perceptual, Cognitive, Affective or Emotional, and Behavioral
What two factors directly influence global self-esteem in the Exercise and Self-Esteem Model?
Physical activity (physical self concept) and physical acceptance (body image)
Which is more relevant to self-esteem, objective or subjective changes in fitness, and why?
Subjective changes in fitness is more relevant to one’s self esteem due to the fact that people have a more pronounced effect on self-esteem as they pertain more to personal perceptions and feelings of well-being.
Explain why the impact of physical self-concept on physical activity participation might be greater than that of global self-esteem.
People who have a positive perception of their Physical skills and attributes will be likely more to engage in physical activity than those with negative physical self perceptions.
Describe the process by which self-efficacy might influence body image and physical self-concept in the exercise setting
Higher self-efficacy influences body image/self-concept positively. When one thinks they can perform a task successfully, exercise-higher self efficacy-enhanced body image
Describe the process by which physical self-concept may influence body image and global self-esteem in the exercise setting
Physical self-concept shapes how people view their abilities and appearance. Positive self-concept boosts body image and self-esteem, encouraging exercise. Negative self-concept diminishes body image and self-esteem, reducing exercise motivation.
Explain why, for some people, an exercise program may have little to no effect on global self-esteem
An exercise program might not boost global self-esteem for some due to factors like unrealistic expectations or pre-existing negative beliefs.
Explain the relationship between exercise behavior and body image and the measures that are used.
Exercise behavior affects body image positively through physical improvements and achievements. Body image impacts exercise behavior by driving individuals to pursue a desired physique or weight. The four measurement are Perceptual measure, Cognitive measure, Affective measure, and Behavioral measure
Describe the three possible mechanisms of change within the exercise and self-esteem model.
Improved physical fitness or performance
Increased self-efficacy
Improvements in physical self-concept
What is the difference between general self-concept and global self-esteem?
General self-concept simply reflects how we see or define ourselves (“who I am”), self-esteem constitutes the affective consequences of the self-concept (“how I feel about who I am”).
Perceptual Measures
The level of accuracy of a person's estimations about the size of his or her own body parts or the body as a whole.
Cognitive Measures
typically consist of questionnaires that assess an individual's level of satisfaction, attitudes, beliefs, and thoughts about his or her own body shape, size, and function.
Affective Measures
Assess feelings such as worry, shame, anxiety, comfort, embarrassment, and pride in relation to the body
Behavioral Measures
Assess the “frequency” with which one engages in behaviors that might be indicative of body image disturbance.
Explain what is meant by the “bidirectional relationship” between exercise and self-esteem, and exercise and self-concept.
Engaging in exercise boosts self-esteem. Higher self-esteem can motivate exercise. Exercise improves body image and self-worth. Positive self-concept encourages physical activity. They influence each other bidirectionally.
Define stress
A state of disharmony or threatened homeostasis, it’s what we feel/experience when we face challenges.
Eustress
Positive type of stresses Ex; marriage Graduation, job, Promotion
Distress
Negative types of stress Ex: exams , deadline, divorce
How is homeostasis distinguished from allostasis?
Homeostasis aims to maintain stability, while Allostasis allows for flexibility and adaptation to different situations.
What role do appraisals play in the stress response?
How we think about stress, and how they influence how we respond to stress.
How is the concept of allostatic load important in the context of stress?
The cumulative effects that chronic stress has on mental and physical health. It involves the interaction of different physiological systems that respond to stressors.
What implications does allostatic load have for health?
Elevated Heart Rate and blood pressure-decreased immune function, memory loss, depression, and anxiety.
What is the main prediction of the cross-stressor adaptation hypothesis?
Exercise training can develop cross stressor tolerance through two processes: habituation and sensitization.
How is absolute reactivity different from relative reactivity when examining the stress response?
The absolute value of HR during stress and A change in HR during stress from a baseline value.
Can exercise training provide any useful benefits in the recovery from stressors? If so, in what ways?
It can help people feel less stressed in general when they are physically active as opposed to being sedentary. Exercise yields relief from psychosocial stressors
What is the expected pattern of the stress response in someone considered “physiologically tough”? Describe this pattern in terms of both the appraisal and neuroendocrine aspects.
Regular exposure to exercise (stressor): Increased capacity for catecholamines in CNS
Reduced resting catecholamines. Faster elimination of catecholamines after the stressor is gone Less cortisol released (HPA axis)
Homeostasis
The internal equilibrium and the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.
Allostasis
considers a wider range of functioning of coping and adaptation systems, taking into account various factors such as time of day, internal needs, and external demands.
Habituation
A decreased magnitude of response to a familiar challenge
Sensitization
An unfamiliar/threatening stressor results in the release of this larger volume of hormones, which allows for greater response to the stressor
Primary appraisal
Assessing a situation as important yet potentially demanding
Secondary appraisal
Can lead to a revision of the initial appraisal. Question what options are available and how viable they might be.
Typical stress response
Secretion of hormones catecholamines and cortisol initiate "fight-or-flight" response, prepping the body for handling the stressor.
Cardiovascular fitness
Mixed evidence regarding whether aerobic fitness confers stress-buffering effects in response to psychosocial stressors
HPA Axis Response
a complex set of direct influences and feedback interactions among three endocrine glands: the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the adrenal glands. Controls reactions to stress and regulates many body processes, including digestion, the immune system, mood and emotions
Immunity
Exposure to a stressor can have an effect on immune functions—negatively (immunosuppression) or positively (immunopotentiation). As levels of fitness increase, inflammatory responses to stress decrease.
Reactivity vs Recovery
Reactivity: response when stressor occurs
Recovery: response after stressor ends
Mechanism: Physiological toughness model
proposed for explaining how exercise: reduces the immediate effects of stress and how it enhances the recovery from stressors
how does the HPA axis respond differently to stress in fit versus unfit individuals?
Fit, reduced cortisol response to psychosocial stress
Whereas homeostasis refers to functioning within a fairly narrow range, which of the following refers to a wide range of functioning?
Allostasis
According to the General Adaptation Syndrome, the stress response occurs in three stages are ___, in that order.
Arousal and alarm, resistance, then exhaustion
Which of the following is the primary brain structure thought to be involved in initiating the stress response?
Amygdala
The primary component of the stress response in the HPA-axis is
Cortisol
How an individual describes or defines oneself is referred to as
Self concept
Which of the following is NOT a component of health-related fitness according to the document?
Academic Performance
Which technique uses very low-dose beams of X-ray energy to measure body fat mass, fat distribution pattern, and bone density?
Dual Energy X-Ray absorptiometry (DXA)
Bulimia nervosa is characterized by:
Repeated episodes of binge-eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors
High Self esteem has been associated with Which of the following?
Emotional stability and adjustment to life demands.
The physical self concept is divided into several subdomains which of the following is NOT listed as a subdomain
Social Skills
