Unit 1: History and Significance of Nursing Theory

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering nursing theory concepts, historical development eras, and influential nursing leaders as detailed in the lecture notes.

Theory (Streubert and Carpenter, 2011)

A systematic explanation of an event in which constructs and concepts are identified and relationships are proposed and predictions are made.

Theory (Chinn and Kramer, 2018)

A creative and rigorous structuring of ideas that project a tentative, purposeful systematic view of phenomena.

Theory (Young et al., 2001)

A set of interpretive assumptions, principles, or propositions that help explain or guide action.

Concepts

Often called "building blocks" of theories; a pattern of shared understanding and assumptions.

Abstract Concepts

Ideas that cannot be directly seen or touched.

Concrete Concepts

Things that are directly observable or can be experienced through the senses.

Relationship Statements

Indicates specific relationships between two or more concepts.

Propositions

Constant relationship between two or more concepts.

Hypotheses

Statements tested through research.

Laws

Well-grounded statements with strong empirical evidence.

Axioms

Basic statements that state general relationships between concepts.

Assumptions

Beliefs about a common phenomenon and is accepted as true.

Phenomenon

Designation of an aspect of reality.

Conceptual Framework

Set of interrelated Concepts that conveys a mental image of a Phenomenon.

Scope (Old View)

Nursing practice is generally prescribed by others and highlighted by traditional, ritualistic tasks with little regard to rationale.

Importance of Nursing Theories (Omrey, et al., 1995)

To clarify the complex intellectual and interactional domains that distinguished expert nursing practice from the mere doing of tasks.

Florence Nightingale

The Mother of Modern Nursing who reduced the mortality rate during the Crimean war ($1854-1856$) from $42\%$ to $6\%$ in six months time.

School of Nursing at St. Thomas Hospital

Established in London by Florence Nightingale, marking the birth of Modern Nursing.

Notes on Nursing: what it is, and what it is Not

Publication by Florence Nightingale released in the UK in $1859$ and in the USA in $1860$.

Curriculum Era

Early $20^{th}$ Century phase focused on what Nurses should study.

Research Era

Mid-$20^{th}$ Century phase highlighting the need for a conceptual framework to guide studies.

Graduate Education Era

Historical period where Masters and Doctoral Programs expanded.

Theory Era

$1970s-1980s$: Nursing recognized as an academic discipline; Fawcett's metaparadigm unified nursing knowledge.

Theory Utilization Era

Late $20^{th}$ Century-present: Emphasis shifted to applying theory in practice, education, and administration.

Fawcett's Metaparadigm

The four domains that organize nursing knowledge: person, environment, health, and nursing.

Discipline

Specific to academia and refers to a branch of education; theories provide a structured body of knowledge ensuring nursing is scholarly.

Bixler & Bixler ($1959$) Criteria

Defined criteria for nursing as a profession: specialized knowledge base, higher education training, and service to human and social healthcare.

Alexian Brothers

A religious order associated with the early historical presence of men in military care and nursing.

Men in Nursing ($12\%$)

A growing reputation in the US with strong presence in critical care, psychiatric, and emergency Nursing.

Steve Miller, RN ($1971$)

Individual who organized Men in Nursing.

Luther Christman, RN ($1974$)

Individual who organized a group of male nurses; later became the First Male Dean of Vanderbilt University School of Nursing ($1915-2011$).

America Assembly for Men in Nursing

Organization established in $1981$, representing men in the nursing profession.

Lady of the Lamp

Sobriquet for Florence Nightingale, who received training in Kaiserwerth, Germany.

Clara Barton ($1821-1921$)

School teacher and volunteer nurse during the American Civil War who established the American Red Cross.

Cinda Richards ($1849-1921$)

Nurse who introduced nurse's notes and Doctor's orders; pioneered work in Psychiatric and industrial nursing.

Mary Mahoney ($1845-1926$)

First African American Professional Nurse who worked for the promotion of equal opportunity.

Lilian ward ($1867-1940$)

Founder of Public Health Nursing, serving the poor in NY Slumps.

Lavinia Dock ($1858-1956$)

Fought for women's right to vote and campaigned for nurses to control their profession; helped create American Society of Superintendent of Training School for Nurses.

Margaret Higgins Sanger ($1879-1966$)

Public health nurse in New York and founder of Planned Parenthood; imprisoned for opening the first Birth Control information clinic in USA.

Mary Breckinridge ($1881-1905$)

Nurse midwife in England, Australia, and New Zealand; founded Frontier Nursing Service.

Ernest Grant ($1958-\text{present}$)

First male President of American Nurses Association in $\text{January } 2019$.